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Analysis of biotic matrices by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Karel,, Novotný (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses the possibility of using Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for biological application. The LIBS method was used to determine spatial distribution of a chosen element, cadmium, in selected model plant, white mustard (Sinapis Alba L.) The exposure took place in hydroponic conditions and lasted for 72 hours, therefore it was an acute toxicity test. Three different sources of cadmium were tested, mercaptopropionic acid stabilized quantum dots (CdTe QDs), silica coated quantum dots (CdTe/SiO2 QDs), and cadmium chloride, which was used as a positive control. After the exposure and before determination of the spatial distribution of cadmium in plants, a significant portion of the thesis was devoted to optimization of selected parameters of LIBS measurement (laser energy and gate delay). Subsequently, the cadmium distribution was determined and the obtained results were discussed with regards to the tested substance, its stability and its tendency to aggregate/agglomerate in water medium in contact with testing organism during exposure. In the final part of the work, the suitability of the LIBS method for the determination of spatial distribution of chosen contaminants was evaluated.
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Spatial distribution of the European catfish Silurus glanis influenced by familiarity
Fořt, Martin ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
One of the key elements of animal social behaviour is the recognition of individuals on the basis of previous experience. This relationship is called familiarity and affects individual's behaviour. We know many examples of familiarity-based behaviour among fish. Many results show that familiarity is advantageous. Familiar individuals are less aggressive, forage more, make more cohesive shoals and grow faster. We tested the influence of the familiarity on the spatial distribution of juvenile wels catfish Silurus glanis from two unfamiliar groups, which were held in separate tanks. In a laboratory experiment was the spatial distribution of individuals monitored in the artificial stream by using passive integrated transponders. Shelters, which were occupied by individuals, were placed in the stream. Two groups of fish were subsequently added into the experiment under conditions of limited or unlimited shelters. These groups came from the same tank (so they were familiar) or from different tanks (so they were unfamiliar). 1080 individuals were used in this experiment and over three million individual fish positions were recorded. We discovered changing levels of activity under different conditions. When we compared activity of original and additional individuals, we measured higher level of activity in...
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Spatial Distribution of Immigrants in Italy
Pavelková, Lenka ; Drbohlav, Dušan (advisor) ; Siwek, Tadeusz (referee)
This thesis focuses on spatial distribution of immigrants in Italy. In the beginning, it presents three migration theories used in the thesis (network theory, Human Capital Model, institutional theory) and related hypothesis for the research. Then it summarises the migration history of Italy since the Second World War and the current situation. After that, the tex proceeds to the examination of the spatial distribution of immigrants in Italy. The examination is done in two ways. First, there is analysis of statistical data by correlation analysis which tries to find factors which explain the immigrants' distribution in Italy. Second is the analysis of the results of a survey done in Trieste, Italy, between March and June 2011 among the two largest groups of immigrants living in the province of Trieste (those with citizenship of Serbia and Romania). The main results are that one of the most important factors for the immigrants' distribution are the job opportunities and better earnings for themselves and for their families. Interestingly, the network theory wasn't supported by the research, especially for Romanians who seem to prefer provinces with less Romanians (and foreigners in general) already present. After the analysis, the results are compared with the situation in the Czech Republic. For further...
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation - research methods, their using and results in the Czech Republic
PFAUR, Jan
The topic of this bachelor thesis that is written in a form of a literary research is defined as a Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation - research methods, their using and results in the Czech Republic. The water circulation on Earth is briefly described in the thesis as well as the origin and development of precipitation or the division and ways of measuring of atmospheric precipitation. One part of the thesis focuses on a description of the time and spatial distribution of precipitation, mainly within the territory of the Czech Republic. Another chapter deals with the methods of assessment of the time and spatial distribution of precipitation. That means primarily the description of statistical aggregate and its basic attributes, and of course, the description of methods used for the assessment of a spatial distribution. The thesis also employs scientific articles and studies to find out the differences in time distribution of precipitation in the concrete areas of the Czech Republic. Various methods of spatial analysis of precipitation and their results are to be found and compared in the conclusion of the bachelor thesis.
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Dynamics of fish spatial distribution in reservoirs
ŘÍHA, Milan
This dissertation thesis focuses on several aspects of fish ecology in reservoirs and the methodology of their sampling. It is divided to three parts. The first part focuses on the dynamics of fish distribution throughout the seasons and between day and night. The second part deals with the efficiency and the selectivity of the beach seine net, trawl and purse seine net. The third part describes the long-term development of fish populations in the Římov Reservoir.
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Diversity of the soil microbial community and its functional aspects in man-influenced environments
CHROŇÁKOVÁ, Alica
Diversity of the soil microbial community and its functional aspects were investigated in man-influenced environments, such as colliery spoil heaps in post mining sites and upland pasture used for outdoor cattle husbandry. The study was based on the cultivation of bacteria and streptomycetes as well as culture-independent approaches. Cultivated bacteria and streptomycetes were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic means. The culture-independent approaches were based on an analysis of environmental DNA in terms of both qualitative and quantitative parameters.
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Methods of calculating the spatial distribution of precipitation and differences in rainfall totals in a small catchment area
VÁVRA, Miroslav
This thesis is focused on methods of calculating the spatial distribution of precipitation and differences in rainfall totals in a small catchment area. The main aim is to find methods which enable transfer of spot measurements of precipitation to spatially distributed estimation and consequently comparison of results of these methods and evaluation of their differences and accuracy. For better understanding of this problematic, precipitation and its characteristics, origin and types are described. Factors which precipitation influence are also listed further in the text. The main part of this thesis is description of methods of spatial precipitation distribution and their application in a small catchment area. Methods are listed from the most common ones (Arithmetic mean method, Thiessen polygon method, Isohyetal method) to those most recent and least applied (Hypsometric method, Inverse distance weighted method, Kriging). Thiessen polygon method and Isohyetal method are described in detail and joined by figure for better understanding. Different methods of spatial precipitation distribution calculations (Thiessen polygon method, Isohyetal method, Arithmetic mean method) were compared on one catchment area with quite surprising results. The calculated values of rainfall totals in the catchment area differed only slightly using different calculation methods. It was also stated that not even with large number of rain gages in the catchment area we aren?t able to achieve 100% calculation accuracy.
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Gradients of fish distribution in reservoirs
PRCHALOVÁ, Marie
Patterns of fish spatial distribution were studied in two Czech canyon-shaped reservoirs and in three Dutch basin-shaped reservoirs. Effects of environmental variables like habitat depth, slope, distance from the shore and distance from the dam were evaluated using multivariate statistics. Gillnet selectivity was also studied as fish were sampled using gillnets.
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Spatial distribution of water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) in fishponds: estimation and comparison based on results reached by classic method (netting) and method of light traps.
ČELOUDOVÁ, Monika
The aim of this methodically oriented thesis was to find spatial distribution of water bugs in fishpond by parallelly used two different sampling methods - classic method (netting) and light traps as well as to find, if sampling method can influence a result of ecological study by substantial way. Study was realized in the one locality - fishpond Polepšil (region: Vysočina: Moravskobudějovicko) in years 2007 and 2008. Spaces {--} transects for sampling were difined. Efficiency of water bug sampling by nett is conspicuously less than sampling by light traps. More species and individuals (in total sum of samples and in samples from individual transects too) were sampled by light traps under comparable conditions. Chemical yelow-green light of light traps was more attractive for water bugs than the pink one. Spatial preferences of some corixid species and their developmental stages were noted by application of light trap method of sampling. Light trap method of samplings brings more complete and valuable data for ecological studies of water bug communities.
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