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Determination of linear synthetic aromatic compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices
Tulková, Tereza ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic compounds with a smell similar to the odor of a natural musk. The most recently discovered and also the least known group of artificial musks is linear musk compounds. These substances are now often used in cosmetics, personal care products, detergents and various cleaning products. They have leaked into all the major environment components, especially into the hydrosphere. There has been great attention drawn to synthetic musk compounds in the last few years because of their environmental impact. The aim of this thesis is to identify twelve linear musk compounds (linalool, 2-cyclohexylethanol, fresco menthe, citronellol, HSA, isobornyl acetate, arocet, aroflorone, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, lilial, isoamyl salicylate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde) in waste water samples. The samples were taken at three different waste water treatment plants (WWTP) in South Moravian region (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Luhačovice and WWTP Hodonín). Each of these treatment plants has a different equivalent number of inhabitants. At first, a working method was optimized, then applied on real waste water samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then used for identification and quantificaton of the studied compounds.
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Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
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Influence of the municipal waste dump on the environment
Hamalčíková, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the potential influence of the waste dump on the environment, particularly on the water quality close to waste dump. The experimental part is focused on the identification of organic compounds in samples of water from monitoring wells and in samples of surface water from stream and pond. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was employed for the isolation of organic compounds and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) was used for their analysis. Obtained results were evaluated and their interpretation was done.
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Distribution of synthetic fragrances into the aquatic ecosystem
Freithová, Štěpánka ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are part of many consumer products, from which they get to waste water and to water recipient due to imperfect cleaning. Musk compounds can be found in almost every parts of nature environment. Purpose of this bachelor thesis was assesment of selected representatives linear musk compounds, concretely citronellol, isobornyl acetate, allyl cyklohexyl propionate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde. This analytes were determined in waste water in inflow and outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant in area Veterinary and Pharmaceutical university Brno. Analytes were extracted by using method of solid phase microextraction, final assesment was done method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Results were evaluated and it was found, that musk compounds are present in waste water in concentration range from 0,01 to 3,6 ng/ml.
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Newe methods used for the finding of fire causes
Přichystal, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Osvald, Josef (advisor)
Master’s thesis deals with a determination problem of ignitable liquids from fire debris. The aim of this work is to introduce the properties of used fire accelerants and to give an overview and evaluation of the various techniques which can be conducive to the fire investigator. Determination of fire accelerants from fire debris was made by the technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) with subsequent chemical analysis by GC/MS. Based on the chromatographic results were established the target compounds and reconstructed ion chromatograms which are typical for some kinds of flammable liquids. There were used gasoline, diesel, kerosene and technical gasoline (white spirit) as the fire accelerants. This work also deals with the influence of interfering products in fire debris analysis, including their identification and characterization. Different kinds of substrates were burned, extracted and analyzed in order to identify all the interfering products that they may release.
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Distribution of synthetic fragrances into the aquatic ecosystem
Freithová, Štěpánka ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are part of many consumer products, from which they get to waste water and to water recipient due to imperfect cleaning. Musk compounds can be found in almost every parts of nature environment. Purpose of this bachelor thesis was assesment of selected representatives linear musk compounds, concretely citronellol, isobornyl acetate, allyl cyklohexyl propionate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde. This analytes were determined in waste water in inflow and outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant in area Veterinary and Pharmaceutical university Brno. Analytes were extracted by using method of solid phase microextraction, final assesment was done method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Results were evaluated and it was found, that musk compounds are present in waste water in concentration range from 0,01 to 3,6 ng/ml.
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Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
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Determination of linear synthetic aromatic compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices
Tulková, Tereza ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic compounds with a smell similar to the odor of a natural musk. The most recently discovered and also the least known group of artificial musks is linear musk compounds. These substances are now often used in cosmetics, personal care products, detergents and various cleaning products. They have leaked into all the major environment components, especially into the hydrosphere. There has been great attention drawn to synthetic musk compounds in the last few years because of their environmental impact. The aim of this thesis is to identify twelve linear musk compounds (linalool, 2-cyclohexylethanol, fresco menthe, citronellol, HSA, isobornyl acetate, arocet, aroflorone, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, lilial, isoamyl salicylate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde) in waste water samples. The samples were taken at three different waste water treatment plants (WWTP) in South Moravian region (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Luhačovice and WWTP Hodonín). Each of these treatment plants has a different equivalent number of inhabitants. At first, a working method was optimized, then applied on real waste water samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then used for identification and quantificaton of the studied compounds.
|
|
|
Newe methods used for the finding of fire causes
Přichystal, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Osvald, Josef (advisor)
Master’s thesis deals with a determination problem of ignitable liquids from fire debris. The aim of this work is to introduce the properties of used fire accelerants and to give an overview and evaluation of the various techniques which can be conducive to the fire investigator. Determination of fire accelerants from fire debris was made by the technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) with subsequent chemical analysis by GC/MS. Based on the chromatographic results were established the target compounds and reconstructed ion chromatograms which are typical for some kinds of flammable liquids. There were used gasoline, diesel, kerosene and technical gasoline (white spirit) as the fire accelerants. This work also deals with the influence of interfering products in fire debris analysis, including their identification and characterization. Different kinds of substrates were burned, extracted and analyzed in order to identify all the interfering products that they may release.
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|
|
Influence of the municipal waste dump on the environment
Hamalčíková, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the potential influence of the waste dump on the environment, particularly on the water quality close to waste dump. The experimental part is focused on the identification of organic compounds in samples of water from monitoring wells and in samples of surface water from stream and pond. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was employed for the isolation of organic compounds and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) was used for their analysis. Obtained results were evaluated and their interpretation was done.
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