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Stability of Soil Organic Matter
Heldesová, Michaela ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis summarizes available information about current research of soil organic matter stability and it divides them into two logical units. The first part includes environmental, physical and chemical factors, including human activities, which affect the stability or decomposition of soil organic matter. The methods used for the study of organic matter in the soil are summarized in the second part of this thesis. There the attention is paid to the accumulation of organic matter in specific pools, the ways of extraction of organic compounds and the use of quantitative and qualitative analytical methods to describe various characteristic of organic matter.
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Status of soil organic carbon content of selected reclaimed sites in the Podkrušnohorská dump.
KOBESOVÁ, Martina
The main aim of this thesis was to assess the status of soil organic carbon in newly shaped soils called Velká podkrušnohorská dump in the Sokolov district and evaluate the information in relation to the physic-chemical properties of soils. Another objective was to determine the relationship between the stable and labile fractions of soil organic carbon. The amount of soil carbon (stable fraction) was measured in the solid soil samples and there was the analysis of basic physic-chemical parameters of the soil performed. The highest concentration of soil carbon was measured in the stand alders and larch. The amount of soil carbon (labile fraction) was measured in the water extract. The highest values were measured in the stand silver birch and alders. Based on this data the quotient of the labile fraction from the stable fraction was determined and the correlation of the labile and stable fractions was made. It was found out that the higher quality soils are located at the leafy trees, but it leads to leaching of organic carbon. The bulk density and coarse-grained soil fraction was determined from the physical properties and these data were used to calculate the stock of soil organic carbon. The highest value was measured in deciduous forests with small-leaved linden, in coniferous forests with larch. The stocks of soil organic carbon were converted into codes by land cover categories and the thematic map was created. It was found out that the leafy trees are much more appropriate for forest restoration, because they are characterized by the rapid initial growth, easily degradable plant litter and stable form humus. Deciduous forests are also characterized by more developed soil substrate, which is however unstable.
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Rate of accumulation of carbon into soil after disturbance
HELLEROVÁ, Šárka
I wrote this thesis with intention to use its obtained data in order to ask for a grant application. The main goal of this thesis is to quantify the amount of carbon in soil in different stages of soil development with accent on forests ecosystem. My thesis promotes the idea of better accumulation of carbon in early stages of soils development
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Processes of soil carbon sequestration on reclaimed areas of the Podkrušnohorská dump.
KOBESOVÁ, Martina
The main objective of this thesis was based on samples from the localities to determine the processes of soil carbon sequestration in reclaimed areas of the Velké podkrušnohorské dump and to evaluate the results in relation to physical and chemical properties of soil. The amount of soil carbon was measured from the collected samples and the soil was analyzed of basic physical and chemical soil parameters. The largest concentration of soil carbon was measured in the alder stands.
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The proportion of minerals in the soil of selected layers in the region of Stropnicko
KOTOUSOVÁ, Zdeňka
My work targets the change in content of the organic soil karbon and basic cations in relation to changes of area usage and agricultural management of the chosen special {--} interest places of Stropnicko. In the monitored period from 2001 till 2007, the soil organic mass markedly fell off. The greatest decline was in the forest ecosystem in all researched basins. Decline of organic soil karbon content was also found on permanent grass growth, but it was much less than in the forests. On the contrary mild improvement turns out on the arable land. Next pH value of soil leach was monitored. The greatest change was shown in the forests. The greatest increase of PH value was at the area of Pasecký potok. In other basins, expected Veverský potok, pH value increased too. On the contrary, there is decline of pH value on the permanent grass growth and arable land . There were not statistically great advancements between 2001 and 2007 in the soil mineral reserve, especially of the basic soil cations. The significant decline of sodium is the exception. I have suggested steps that lead to the steady way of farming in the agricultural foothills. I have recommended to increase supplied barnyard manure into arable land, the optimalization of cow units for pasture area and the gradation of the forest communities to deciduous, eventually mixed stands, according to the vegetation levels.
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System of evaluation of soil organic matter based on fractionation by level of hydrophilic characteristics and by characterisation of fractions with differential thermic analysis
STROSSER, Eduard
The contemporary methods of evaluation of the soil organic matter do not sufficiently characterize its stability. The aim of this study is to develop a method for soil organic matter stability evaluation. The four different methods were tested, two based on chemical principle a two on microbiology principle. The first method is based on sequential soil organic matter fractionation by a system of solvents with increasing polarity, the second method uses oxidizers with different oxidizing efficiency. In the third method micro-organisms decompose soil organic matter in anaerobic environment as well as in the four method, but this one makes use of up gas production measuring sensors. The method of sequential extraction is not suitable for practical use, the oxidation method is preferred. The oxidation method also both microbiology methods imply that the most important part of soil organic matter is decomposed rapidly or while using weak oxidizer. This fraction is the most important for evaluation decomposability and it is characteristic for particular soils. After decomposition of this part of SOM its remnant is decomposed steady and linear or micro-organisms are not able to decompose it.
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An Impact of Erosion on Soil Quality
HOSNEDL, Pavel
Nowadays, erosion is a global problem. This thesis is aimed at studiing the impact of erosion on the soil quality, especially at humus content in soil. Humus content and humus quality is usually used as a criterion for assessing a soil quality. The proposal of methodology for monitoring of humus content change in time and dependence of its content on land management and steepness of slope is a part of the thesis. This thesis is written as a literary summary of studies which have been done so far.
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