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Revitalizace zemědělských půd
Vavřina, Jan
From the beginning of agriculture, an important soil-forming factor begins to take shape, and that is man. Human activity changes soil properties in favor of only one soil function, and that is plant growth (production, yield). However, these changes reduce the variability of soil properties, which are subsequently degraded and thus further disrupt the entire agroecosystem. New procedures, principles and agrotechnical measures that help to revitalize the soil are gradually being implemented across the world. These changes in the way agricultural land is managed take advantage of mutual ecological interactions that help to fulfill basic soil functions and provide ecosystem services. In the practical part of the work, two soils with different degrees of revitalization were compared. These soils were compared in relative values to the control soil, which was little affected by agricultural activities. The results show that agricultural soils have a lower stability of soil aggregates, bulk density, ammonium form N content, and SOM content compared to the control soil. At the same time, however, a higher respiration rate was recorded, which was influenced by tillage by taking soil samples.
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Development of mycorrhizal communities in primary succession
Mádle, Jan ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
Primary succession is the process of ecosystem development that takes place in sites that were not suitable for colonization by plants and organisms dependent on them. These sites arise either naturally, for example after a volcanic eruption or glacial retreat, or anthropogenically, for example by strip mining. During primary succession, plants colonise the bare substrate and gradually modify its abiotic and biotic conditions. During primary succession, interactions between plants and the soil microbiome, especially with fungi and bacteria, occur. Plants and soil microorganisms influence each other's growth and development through various interactions. Plants, or rather their roots, form a specific niche for a wide range of soil microbial communities. Through their roots, plants provide a wide range of substances, organic acids, sugars, amino acids and other often carbon-rich compounds that can serve as a substrate for microorganisms. Plants are able to do this by producing litter, root exudates, and translocation of sugars for symbiotic fungi and bacteria. Soil microorganisms contri- bute to the release of nutrients and the decomposition of organic materials that would otherwise be unavailable to plants. Many soil microorganisms can form a symbiotic relationship with the plant; this relationship may be...
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