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Reproductive biology of brown frogs of the Czech Republic
Žáčková, Lucie ; Šandera, Martin (advisor) ; Vojar, Jiří (referee)
The frog reproduction biology is species-specific. Most of them, searches for water environment for reproduction. Our true frogs are no exception, they can be found in water right on the beginning of spring. For the rest of the year, the move on the land and only return to water when they intend to enter hibernation. They are also sometimes named as "land frogs" due to them spending most of their life in terrestrial environment. The true frogs look very similar and for their definition the combination of more determining attributes is used. The coloration of both sexes differs depending on time of the year in different species. The differences between males and females, but also between different species, are visible the most during the reproduction phase. Apart from coloration there are many other different characteristics. One of those is the calling of males in reproduction phase. Moreover, the species differ in the length of hibernation, the time of clutch laying or the manner of their placement in water. Many reproductive isolation barriers exist between true frog species inhabiting the Czech Republic which prevent the successful inter-species breeding. Key words: hibernation, calling, reproduction, amplexus, clutches, metamorphoses
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