|
|
Silážování mechanicky upraveného vlhkého kukuřičného zrna
Balatka, Michal
This diploma thesis examines the method of silage preparation and the effect of selected additives in mechanically treated wet corn grain (HMGC). In a literature search, the issue is summarized according to the available information, ranging from methods of using maize seeds as whole plants to split harvesting with use for silage. The development of historical methods, technological factors affecting the quality of the resulting silage, the appropriate choice of silage additives, storage to bag, opening and the method of silage collection are described. Attention is also paid to the course of the fermentation process, the various factors affecting the resulting silage are related to quality indicators and an evaluation of the quality of wet maize grain silages. In the practical part, an experiment was carried out that focuses on the application of different additives used in the ensiling of HMGC and storage time. In a specific farm, silage was placed in polyethylene bags and sampling with subsequent analyses was carried out at time intervals. Silage additive variants are compared with each other in parameters monitoring nutritional value and fermentation quality. The results were then evaluated and processed by statistical methods presented in tables and graphs.
|
|
|
Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů silážovaných krmiv
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
The aim of this thesis is to analyse chosen characteristics of silage quality. Total of 119 samples of grass silage and corn silage from the year 2018 were analysed. The quality of fermentation was analysed and silage was evaluated according to "Norma 2004", german evaluation system by Kaiser 2006 and slovakian system by Mitrík 2016. All the results were compared. 82 % of samples according to "Norma 2004", 88 % according to Kaiser and 83 % according to Mitrík were classified as the first class of fermentation. The influence of additives was also included in the evaluation of fermentation. The influence of bacterial and bacterial-enzymatic additives on the content of nutrients was observed. The results were compared with the average values of the silage of the year 2018.
|
|
|
Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti organické hmoty kukuřičné siláže pepsin-celulázovou metodou
FOUS, Dominik
Silage, and especially maize silage, is the most abundant roughage both in the Czech Republic and in Europe. Silage compensates for a large part of the energy needed for the proper performance of animals. Stable efficiency and its increase can be ensured only by a constant and balanced composition of the feed ration throughout the year. Due to the importance of preparing quality feed, additives are often used. It is possible to add homofermentative bacteria to the ensiled mass with silage additives to rapidly lower the pH of the silage, or to add heterofermentative bacteria which improve aerobic stability in the silage, it is also possible to combine these bacteria or use other silage additives.
|
|
|
Vliv aditiv na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží jetelovin
Florianová, Viola
The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare quality of protein silages made of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (there were used two varieties Holyna and Tereza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (tetraploid variety Amos and diploid variety Spurt) ensiled with low dry matter content 16–20 %. Experimental parcels were founded in 2013. Plots of lucerne were harvested for three following years, plots of red clover were harvested for two following years. Green feed was ensiled into laboratory microsilos directly after harvesting. The silage quality was compared within species and variety and within different silage additives. There were analyzed contents of organic nutrients, digestibility in green material and organic nutrients, digestibility, quality of silage extracts, losses and amount of silage effluents in silages. Silages made of red clover had significantly (p <0,05) lower pH, ammonia content, content of butyric acid and proteolysis level compared to lucerne silages. Amos variety had also significantly higher content of lactic acid compared to both lucerne silages. The effect of chemical silage additive on silage quality was significant. Silages treated with chemical additive had significantly lower (p <0,05) pH, ammonia content, content of acetic acid, ethanol and level of proteolysis compared to untreated variant and variant treated with biological additive.
|
|
|
Riziko výskytu klostridií v silážích a ve výkalech dojnic
Mlejnková, Veronika
The dissertation deals with the risk of clostridia presence in animal feed, particularly in silages, excrements, and in litter (separate of cattle slurry). At the same time, their presence was observed in the rumen fluid and milk. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of addition of surface layer of soil in different levels of contamination (0, 20, 40 g/kg of dry matter) and addition of silage additives on hygienic quality of silage, especially on the presence of clostridia and on microorganisms forming spores in the experimental model silages and in operating conditions. Microorganisms forming spores were assessed in all samples. Their counts increased with the higher addition of topsoil. Clostridium perfringens was identified using PCR in silage made of wilted clover, in ruminal fluid (the enterprise A), in excrements coming from both operating conditions (A, B), and separate of cattle slurry coming from the enterprise B. At the same time, positive effect of biological and chemical additives on silage reducing the number of undesirable microorganisms was confirmed.
|
|
|
Konzervace krmiv silážováním
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
This thesis as literary study is focused on the feed conservation by silaging. Especially, it deals with the elementary aims of silaging. The process of making a silage is aimed to the microbiological process, the technology of silage production and the possibility of the usage of aditives. In the silaging technology, there are described different ways of conservation, which are important for the production of quality silage in different conditions, which can occur. The aditives stabilise the process and improve the quality and taste of silage. Quality silage is an assumption of good health of animals and their high production, which is a base of the farm economy.
|
|
|
Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů kukuřičné siláže
BROŽ, Petr
The Livestock production is in many ways a progressive discipline, which is characterized in that it blends several seemingly unrelated industries. One of the most important nutrition and feed livestock. With the development of the cultivation of maize (Zea mays), and the need for its preservation, it was necessary to develop a methodology proper ensiling. This practice establishes the correct principles for the production of high-quality, nutritional value and harmless silage. It already belongs to the selection of the optimal hybrid, suitable agronomic measures during cultivation, build a functional and efficient silage lines, selection and application of additives, proper layering and ramming masses and responsible handling of ready-made food, including a ration.
|
|
|
Mykotoxiny v silážích a dopad na zdraví a užitkovost zvířat
Dubová, Kateřina
This thesis is about mycotoxins in silages and their effects on health and produktivity of animals. There are described the most frequent mycotoxins and their influence to internal organs, reproduction, absorption of nutrients and milk and meat production. There is described, how the silage quality is affected by weather condition, pest infestation, processing of forage to silage and other important technological processes. Listed are also other ways to eliminate mycotoxins, such as silage additives and methods of direct mycotoxin decontamination.
|
|
|
Vliv silážních inokulantů na bachorovou degradovatelnost škrobu silážovaného kukuřičného zrna
Valentová, Miroslava
Ruminal degradability of starch is an important indicator of utilization of starch by rumen microflora. Indicates the ratio between starch, which is fermented in the rumen, and starch, that escapes ruminal digestion. Determination of rumen degradability of starch is important not only in terms of performance and health of dairy cows, but also in terms of economy of farming. Corn starch, compared to other starch rom cereals, has lower rumen degradability, which is a prerequisite for efficient use of animals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of silage inoculants on the quality of the fermentation process, the chemical composition of silage and level of rumen degradability of starch in model silage from mechanically treated corn grain. Ruminal starch degradability was determined by in sacco method. Treatment of matter by silage additives had statistically significant effect neither on the chemical composition, nor on ruminal degradability of starch. In the evaluation of the fermentation process was at application of silage inoculant found statistically significant effect (P <0,05) on dry matter content , pH , content of ammonia , acetic acid , the ratio of lactic acid and acetic acid and ethanol. For silage treated with inoculant was statistically significant higher solids content ( 695,36 +- 2,342 g/kg) and a statistically significant lower pH ( 3,99 +- 0,002) compared to control. Neither in acidity of water extract nor in the content of preserving lactic acid, was found statistically significant difference. For the inoculated silage was found statistically significantly lower content of acetic acid (4,10 +- 0,157 g/kg DM). The content of propionic acid and undesirable butyric acid was for any silage found. In overall content of fermentation acids was no statistically significant difference. The ammonia content, which represents the decomposition of nitrogenous substances, was in the inoculated silage statistically significantly lower (0,53 +- 0,031 g/kg DM) than in untreated silages and so was statistically significantly lower the content of ethanol (0,94 +- 0,145 g/kg DM). The use of silage inoculant had no statistically significant effect on the acidity of the water extract, lactic acid content and the amount of acids.
|
|
|
Konzervace mechanicky upraveného vlhkého zrna kukuřice silážováním
Niezgodová, Lenka
The view of this work there was an evaluation of the most important factors which may major affect the corn sillage's quality, the mechanical fored corn in the concrete. Between these the choice of way of grain's disturbance, amount of solids in the ensilage grain and the ensiling additives (the type as well as the application) belong especially. Also, the way of storage involves in final quality check, as well as on hygienic wholesome and acceptable feeding. The work, in the beginning, deals with general characteristic of silages, it defines this questions and devides these in consequence -- simplified, according to the predominant nutrient of an amount of solids in the silage material. At the close, it summarizes the conditions for the succesful silage process on the whole. The practical part applies oneself to a nutriet structure comparison and, first of all, the quality of fermentation's evaluation depending on the used types of additive. The lowest values of a fermentative acids amount they were show in a silage treated by a chemical preparation, only in these silages the present of an acetatic acid was detected at the same time. Also, the amount of a lactic acid was affected with this type of additive. The most significant differences in comparison with the control silage variety were noted on an amout of alcohol after the using and urea. Against this, its amount was trivial in the other experimental silages.
|
guest ::
