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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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Restoration of plant communities after eradication of invasive Reynoutria species
Mártonová, Marie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Berchová, Kateřina (referee)
Reynoutria spp. rank among highly invasive taxa in the Czech Republic. Therefore, a considerable effort is focused on its eradication. This is usually done by application of non- selective herbicide based on glyphosate. However, only little is known about the spontaneous recovery of the native vegetation after the eradication, as well as whether the restoration can be facilitated by additional management. In my master thesis I (i) describe the process of restoration after Reynoutria spp. eradication, (ii) evaluate the influence of factors which could potentially inhibit the succession (such as glyphosate, allelopathy, changes in soil conditions due to Reynoutria spp. invasion), and (iii) evaluate the influence of native-species seed addition on establishment of target plant communities. The process of vegetation recovery was followed on 17 sites in a forest and in ruderal forest-free area from 2007 to 2010. Over the three years of the study, the sites in the forest- free area were covered by diverse vegetation, secondary succession on sites in a forest progressed more slowly. Any soil changes were detected. The process of succession was limited probably because a dead biomass was left on the sites after the eradication. The seed addition was also not crucial for the restoration of plant communitites.
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Various methods of soil transfer and inoculation in restoration ecology
Hurychová, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Roubíčková, Alena (referee)
Soil translocation is a method used in restoration ecology to either salvage habitats threatened by human activity or to restore disturbed habitats. There are various factors affecting the success rate of translocation operations which include the proper selection of a receptor site, method of soil manipulation, soil stockpiling and adequate aftercare. Different methods of soil stripping distinct in their success rates and application for use in habitat restoration, mainly in regards to their effect on the resultant community composition and financial costs. Translocations can result in decrease of biodiversity, but may be a viable option for locations of high conservation value where conservation in situ is not possible, allowing for quick restoration of mature ecosystems. Thorough surveys prior to and after the operation and sufficient allocation of resources are a key factor for successful translocation of soils and the associated biota. Additional research in the fields of invasions, comparison of methods and data analysis of translocation projects may improve the utilization of this technique in the future.
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Possibilities of ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species
Vítová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to present the possibilities, significance and possible problems of ex-situ protection for the future conservation of biodiversity of plants on Earth. In the introductory part of the thesis, the individual processes and programs of ex situ protection are described, with the help of literature search. At the same time, information on international cooperation in the field of seed banks and botanical gardens is presented, which, through their activities and mutual cooperation, create rescue programs to secure as many samples of plant material for possible future use. The work also mentions international plant databases, which provide the accurate and detailed information about the preserved material of rare and endangered plant species for the public. Further in the thesis, the currently known problems of ex situ protection with their impacts on the collected and stored material are mapped. Keywords Ex situ conservation, threatened plants, Ministry of the Environment, database, seed dormancy, inbreeding, outbreed depression, cultivation, seed bank, botanical gardens, tissue cultures, in vitro, genetic drift, mutation, hybridization, wildlife conservation, endangered species, threatened species
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Natural regeneration of Norway spruce in mountain forests and at disturbed plots
Urbanová, Renáta ; Hadincová, Věroslava (advisor) ; Brůna, Josef (referee)
The natural regeneration of Picea abies in undisturbed mountain spruce forests as well as in disturbed areas formed by windstorms and overgrowth of bark beetles, especially spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), takes place primarily through seed germination from a transitional soil seed bank. The quality of the soil seed bank depends on the amount of seeds available, which varies significantly throughout years, and on environment conditions. Interannual changes in the amount of seeds produced are caused by the irregular occurrence of seed years, which reflects weather changes in the context of ongoing climate change. Increased average air temperature and unevenly distributed rainfalls throughout the year have a positive effect on the spruce phenology, seed abundance and quality and results in increasing frequency of seed years. The large amount of seeds during seed years induces increased abundance of granivores for which the seeds are the source of nutrients and environment for their development. Seed predators of invertebrates and, small vertebrates groups and fungal pathogens significantly reduce the proportion of seeds needed for spruce natural regeneration. This bachelor thesis summarizes up to now knowledge explaining mechanisms and interactions associated with the soil seed bank of Picea...
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Population biology of rock outcrop plant Aurinia saxatilis ssp saxatilis
Šimáková, Terezie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
The rock outcrop plants are neglected group of plants, even though they include endangered or endemic species. Despite this fact, there is only a few of studies focusing at this topic. The aim of this thesis is to focus on this group of plants in terms of its population dynamics. Aurinia saxatilis ssp. saxatilis was chosen as a model species. It is a species of the Czech thermophyticum. Three populations were chosen and studied over three years. The population dynamics was compared between the populations by integral projection modelling (IPM) and matrix population modelling (MPM). The results of these two analytical approaches were compared to one another, too. The population growth rate (λ) predicts that one of the populations is stable, whereas the other two populations are declining. The highest elasticity is mostly for the seeds survival in the seed bank. The population growth rate does not differ distinctly between the two statistical approaches, IPM and MPM. In all cases the IPM λ is lower than the MPM λ. Within the IPM analysis, the influence of the substrate type was also studied. The analyses, however, did not indicate any major differences between the substrates. For maintaining the populations, it is necessary to protect the new seeds and seedling recruitment and to create the new space...
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Various methods of soil transfer and inoculation in restoration ecology
Hurychová, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Roubíčková, Alena (referee)
Soil translocation is a method used in restoration ecology to either salvage habitats threatened by human activity or to restore disturbed habitats. There are various factors affecting the success rate of translocation operations which include the proper selection of a receptor site, method of soil manipulation, soil stockpiling and adequate aftercare. Different methods of soil stripping distinct in their success rates and application for use in habitat restoration, mainly in regards to their effect on the resultant community composition and financial costs. Translocations can result in decrease of biodiversity, but may be a viable option for locations of high conservation value where conservation in situ is not possible, allowing for quick restoration of mature ecosystems. Thorough surveys prior to and after the operation and sufficient allocation of resources are a key factor for successful translocation of soils and the associated biota. Additional research in the fields of invasions, comparison of methods and data analysis of translocation projects may improve the utilization of this technique in the future.
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Factors influencing population dynamics of rock outcrop plants
Nováková, Terezie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
Because the rock outcrops are inhospitable habitats with unfavorable conditions, rock outcrop plants have evolved special adaptations. Species occurring on such habitats are very often threatened or endemic. It is thus necessary to focus on this group also in terms of its life cycle and population genetics, because the size and evolution of populations and their genetic diversity are important factors for their conservation. For these purposes, we study their population demography. Based on transition matrices we can reveal the future performance of populations. Genetic analysis can help us to reveal the direction and intensity of the gene flow and genetic diversity of populations. This thesis is a literature review summarizing the current knowledge of rock outcrop plant species, their population biology, genetics and other factors influencing it. The second part outlines the research conducted on Aurinia saxatilis subsp. saxatilis and shows the first results of the future diploma thesis.
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Long-distance plant dispersal in rivers
Krajníková, Anežka ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hroudová, Zdenka (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarise present methods used in the research of dispersal river plants. Generally the dispersal of all kinds of plants which can be dispersed in water corridors, both dispersed in the water column and at the bottom of the channel. The bachelor thesis is a literatural rewiev. The main part of it is focused on direct methods of research of hydrochory and problems which could arise with individual methods. Each method is suitable for different set of circumstances and it is necessary to know in advance what kind of data we want to obtain. The direct methods includes: catching of the seeds directly from the stream - at one time, but repeatedly, or long term catching by using floating traps. Secondly we can use seed mimics or marked diasporas. The second part is focused on other factors which can influence long-distance plant dispersal in rivers. They include the degree to which are rivers regulated and the fluctuation off water level during years. The paper also includes a part which summarise the evidence on long distance dispersal of river plants. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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