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EU Policy towards autonomous regions with a potential to be independent - Catalonia and Scotland
Havlín, Kryštof ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis aims to analyze the policy of the European Union towards European autonomous regions which have the potential to become independent. It focuses especially on the issue of EU membership for regions that have a tendency to separate from an EU Member State. Two major separatist events took place in the European Union in the last decade. In 2014, Scotland declared a referendum approved by the central government on independence from the UK. In 2017, the independent Republic of Catalonia, that wanted to secede from the Kingdom of Spain on the basis of an illegal referendum, was declared. The passive attitude of the European Union towards the aggravated situation in the territory of its member state led me to address the issue from the perspective of the EU whose representatives consider these developments to be internal affairs of the states. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what the approach of the EU to the mentioned regions is in terms of potential membership in case these regions become independent. At the same time, the bachelor's thesis should clarify why the European Union holds these positions and what their legal framework is. The paper also presents hypothetical scenarios for the accession of potentially independent regions of Catalonia and Scotland to...
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Unilateral secession in international law
Chowdhary, Chetan ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
4 Bibliographic note CHOWDHARY Chetan, Unilateral Secession in International Law: The cases of Kashmir and Catalonia, 84 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Relations. Supervisor: JUDr. Milan Lipovsky, Ph.D. Abstract: In the recent times, unilateral secession in International Law has come under widespread discussion with the major issues revolving around the circumstances under which a minority group or sub-state can secede from the state incorporating it. The study focuses on the principles of self-determination, an important factor to secede from a state over which international law has an ambiguous stand. International Law regards unilateral secession to be legal only in the aspects of decolonization as a last resort, that is one of the reasons why Kosovo remains unrecognized by the United Nations. The study focuses on two important cases i.e. Kashmir and Catalonia and compares them with Kosovo and Western Sahara respectively to understand the stance of International law on their demands for secession. The examination of these cases reveals that historical violence and injustice are not the only factors influencing the secessionist demands in Kashmir; similarly, the reasons for the demand for secession in Catalonia extend beyond collective identity...
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Secessionism, external suport and parent states' reaction: cases in East Africa and former Yugoslavia
Novotný, František ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Bahenský, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis attempts to understand how external support for a secessionist movement influences the parent state's strategy towards it. This question has not been well explored yet and remains relevant. The thesis tests the external security theory of secessionist conflict. The theory hypothesizes that likelihood of future war and higher levels of external support lead parent states to adopt more repressive strategies against secessionists. Likelihood of future war is understood here as determined by the relative war proneness of the region and the depth of ethnic divides between the given groups. Two pairs of comparative case studies are performed, of South Sudan and Ogaden, and of Kosovo and Serbian Krajina. The thesis concludes that the theory does explain the cases in Ogaden and Serbian Krajina, while it does not hold in the cases of Kosovo and South Sudan. It is suggested that this might be the case because of their support by the United States, an internationally dominant, yet stability-seeking power.
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Legality of the realization of the right to self-determination of nations in the form of unilateral secession
Fejfar, Jakub ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
Legality of the realization of the right to self-determination of nations in the form of unilateral secession Abstract This rigorous thesis deals with issues of statehood, nations, the right of nations to self- determination and its realization in the form of a unilateral secession. The key issue is the mutual relationship between the right to self-determination of nations and the right to territorial integrity of the state. This thesis deals with two main research questions, whether the unilateral secession can be described as a legal possibility of the state. Furthermore, which principle has more relevant in contemporary public international law in the assessment of unilateral secession: the principle of self-determination of nations or of the whole of the state. In the first chapter, first attention is devoted to the concepts of state and nation, and two fundamental principles of international law, namely the principle of self-determination of nations and the principle of territorial integrity of state territory, are analyzed. The second chapter introduces the most important theoretical approaches to secession theme, such as J. R. Wood, M. Hechter, D. L. Horowitz and especially A. Buchanan's Remedial theory. Further attention is paid in this chapter to the current adaptation of secession in public...
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Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU
Hřivna, Vít ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU This thesis deals with the separatist tendencies within the Member States of the European Union. It is therefore a case when a certain region within a Member State decides to secede from it. This needs to be distinguished from a situation when a whole Member State decides to withdraw from the Union. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the various possible scenarios in the case where there is a separation of that region from the Member State. It deals with it in the context of the regions potential continuity within the Union and furthermore it examines the differences between the two most important cases of possible internal secession in the EU of today: Catalonia and Scotland. The thesis evaluates the most probable scenarios in both cases and the consequent impact of such subjective secession of the regions on citizens and their rights in the EU context, in particular the free movement of persons. The first chapter deals with the definition of separatism and general characteristics of the practical behavior of the regions and the state they secede from in the context of the EU. It looks especially at the relationship between the originar country and the separatist region and...
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Stateless Nations in the European Union
Štoudek, Marek ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Národy bez státu jsou celosvětovou mezinárodní problematikou, jejichž úsilí může budoucnosti signifikantně pozměnit politickou mapu světa. Ačkoliv evropské hranice, a především ty západoevropské zůstávají v posledních letech neměnné, tak i v unie můžeme nalézt mnoho případů takzvaných národů bez státu. Procesy utváření národní identity jednotlivých zkoumaných národů, jejich společná historie, geografické a socioekonomické aspekty či institucionální a stranické systémy, to vše je zahrnuto této diplomové práci zkoumám konkrétní případy za pomoci teoretických konceptů širokého spektra odborníků. V první řadě bylo nezbytné definovat pojem národ spojené termíny, jako například nacionalismus. Mezi další studované koncepty patří stát, právo na sebeurčení, regionalismus a secesionismus. Jednotlivé teoretické bloky jsou poté využity v případových studiích, které se zabývají výše zmíněnými příp Konkrétní případové studie jednotlivých národů spadajících do států v druhé části práce. Každý národ je zkoumán samostatně a obsahuje vlastní závěry. Hlavním úkolem je nalézt secesionistický potenciál jednotlivých národů a vytvořit určitou predikci možného dělení evropských států. V závěrečné části práce proběhne komparace podobností a odlišností jednotlivých případů, načež je zakončena již zmíněnou
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Fragmentation of African Political Map: Contemporary Secessionist Movements
Vlasatá, Barbora ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The aim of bachelor's thesis Fragmentation of political map of Africa: current separatist movements is to show secessionist conflicts and movements in Africa that have been active after 2011. In the first part of the thesis there are the explanations of the main terms - separatism, secession, self-determination of nations, separatist and secessionist movements, armed non-state actors and conflicts. In the next part there is an overview of secessionist conflicts that have been active at during at least one year since 2011 and movements that have been part of these conflicts and are the secessionist type of armed non-state actors according to Eran Zohar calling for an independent state. This part also aims to find out if there has been a tendency to internationalization of these conflicts. The last part of thesis is composed of case studies of five african secessionist conflicts and movements - Kata Katanga in Democratic republic of Congo, National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad/Coordination of Movements of Azawad in Mali, Ogaden National Liberation Front and Oromo Liberation Front in Ethiopia and Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army-North in Sudan. There is aim to demonstrate the development of these conflicts and also the roots of the conflict, the particular movement and secessionist...
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Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU
Hřivna, Vít ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU This thesis deals with the separatist tendencies within the Member States of the European Union. It is therefore a case when a certain region within a Member State decides to secede from it. This needs to be distinguished from a situation when a whole Member State decides to withdraw from the Union. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the various possible scenarios in the case where there is a separation of that region from the Member State. It deals with it in the context of the regions potential continuity within the Union and furthermore it examines the differences between the two most important cases of possible internal secession in the EU of today: Catalonia and Scotland. The thesis evaluates the most probable scenarios in both cases and the consequent impact of such subjective secession of the regions on citizens and their rights in the EU context, in particular the free movement of persons. The first chapter deals with the definition of separatism and general characteristics of the practical behavior of the regions and the state they secede from in the context of the EU. It looks especially at the relationship between the originar country and the separatist region and...
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Fragmentation of African Political Map: Contemporary Secessionist Movements
Vlasatá, Barbora ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The aim of bachelor's thesis Fragmentation of political map of Africa: current separatist movements is to show african separatist movements which are active at the moment. In the first part of the thesis there are the explanations of the main terms - separatist and secessionist movements, separatism, secession and self-determination of nations. In the next part there is a chart of currently active separatist and secessionist movements and an overview of ongoing conflicts in Africa with emphasis on separatist ones. Next part is concerned with the theory of Jeffery Herbst about connection between emergence and evolution of these movements and conflicts and geographical conditions of african countries. The last part of thesis is composed of case studies of four african separatist movements that are currently active and that led to the outbreak of conflicts in these four countries, of Mai Mai Kata Katanga in Democratic republic of Congo, Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army-North in Sudan, Oromia Liberation Front in Ethiopia and Boko Haram in Nigeria. There is aim to show the goals, acts and potential succes of these movements and of the opposing central goverments of these states and to confirm Jeffrey Herbst's theory on these examples.
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Fragmentation of African Political Map: Contemporary Secessionist Movements
Vlasatá, Barbora ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The aim of bachelor's thesis Fragmentation of political map of Africa: current separatist movements is to show african separatist movements which are active at the moment. In the first part of the thesis there are the explanations of the main terms - separatist and secessionist movements, separatism, secession and self-determination of nations. In the next part there is a chart of currently active armed separatist and secessionist movements, which are accordant with one of four cathegories of violent non state actors according to Eran Zohar's typology. The last part of thesis is composed of case studies of four african separatist movements that are currently active and that led to the outbreak of conflicts in these four countries, of Mai Mai Kata Katanga in Democratic republic of Congo, Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army-North in Sudan, Oromia Liberation Front in Ethiopia and Boko Haram in Nigeria. There is aim to show the goals, number of soldiers or members, or international domestic support of the movements and also if activities of these movement have led to an armed conflict. The thesis also aims to verify, if the theory of Pavkovic and Radan about emergence of separatist movements, is in accordance with contemporary african movements.
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