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Assembly, successional development and functioning of microbial communities in deadwood
Bernardová, Natálie ; Brabcová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Dead wood is one of the most important reservoirs associated with forest ecosystems. In natural forests, its volume is counted in hundreds of m3 ha-1 , whereas it reaches only tens of m3 ha-1 in productive commercial forests. In contrast to soil and plant litter, deadwood is unevenly distributed on the forest floor. The specific physicochemical properties such as high content of recalcitrant polymers, low nitrogen level and impermeability negatively affect the rate of decomposition especially in the initial stages of wood deconstruction. The deadwood decomposition is very slow in comparisons with other substrates, it accumulates and thus it represents the important reservoir of nutrients. This thesis is focused on the structure, development and function of microbial (fungal) community in decomposing deadwood in unmanaged forest. Functional screening of fungi isolated from fruit bodies collected from coarse deadwood was set aside. Physico-chemical properties of deadwood including pH, carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were estimated for four wood decomposition stages and three different tree species. New generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform) was applied for fungal community structure analysis based on ITS2 fragment. Fungal functional screening was based on physico-chemical...
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Composition and activity of microbial community during decomposition of plant litter on two contrasting localities
Burešová, Andrea ; Marečková, Markéta (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
Decomposition of organic matter in soil is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors and their role is different depending on site, organic substrate and its decomposition phase. Soil microbial community influences soil organic decomposition process in a different way, which is manifested, for example, by changes of microbial abundance and production of extracellular enzymes. The thesis aimed in determining relationship of two main soil microbial decomposers groups - fungi and actinobacteria in decomposition processes in situ. The impact of selected factors on decomposition processes were determined by experiment with litterbags, which were filled with litter of plant with different properties. Astragalus exscapus from the Fabaceae family contains high amounts of nitrogen in the tissues, Fagus sylvatica contains high amounts of carbon and lignin and Carex humilis has less carbon in the tissues than Fagus sylvatica falling in tissue element composition between Astragalus exscapus and Fagus sylvatica. Litterbags with three plant species were put under a litter layer at both contrasting sites. Litterbags and samples of soil were collected every two months during the years 2011-2012. Each litterbag was weighted, DNA was isolated from litter and soil samples and analyses of quantitative real time PCR...
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