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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Obesity in senior population in homes for the elderly
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Káňová, Marcela (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in senior homes and homes with special regimes. The aim of the thesis is to determine the distribution of obese clients in social facilities, to identify the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients, the reduction diet administered, and the education of clients about reduction diets, obesity, and its consequences. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issues of aging, obesity, and sarcopenia. In the practical part, the presence of obesity is confirmed among enrolled clients based on BMI calculation, calf circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The frequency of android and gynoid obesity is determined. Furthermore, the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients is identified based on handgrip strength measurement with a dynamometer and measurement of muscle and fat tissue using the Tanita device. The presence of a reduction diet and client education on diet and obesity risk is identified. The menus and their nutritional composition are evaluated. A questionnaire is assessed, with questions focused on the clients' lifestyle, especially weight loss during life, eating habits, and physical activity. Based on the knowledge gained from theory and practice, it was assumed that obese clients form a minority of seniors in social facilities, but the majority of them...
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Pupils' reduction diet at choosing primary school
Vrátná, Petra ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis aims the attention on reduction diets at pupils at choosing school. The teoretical part describe the development of the pubety age, the accurate regime according to the pupils' proces, the types of reduction diets, the alternative food and the following motion aktivity. The thesis deals with the illneses, which can be caused by reduction diets, which are kept quite often. At the end of the teoretical part it is manchened the under topic the reduction diet, which is involved in the part Health Education and PE of the topic according to the the Framework Education Programme and the School Education Programme ZŠ Dobiášova. The issue that conception of educational lesson aim on reduction diets, alternative way of eating and the illneses, that can be caused by reduction diets The practical part of thesis contains the amount of pupils in second level of primary school (6. - 9. grade) who keep or kept reduction diet at choosing liberecká school, afterwads there were the conversations with the choosing pupils which lead solving, why pupils want to be on diet and what is the reason to be on diet. To gain the information is used the quantitative approach of questionnaire survey and then the structured conversation that is led with choosing pupils, then there is created the preparation of...
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Analysis of contemporary ways of feeding
Augustinová, Michaela ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis aims to describe the selected nutritional trends with respect not only the physiological needs of man. Nutrition today is a very important aspect of our lives, and it is necessary to know the real nutrition for possibility of using alternative nutritional aspects. In particular, these findings were taken into account in the further processing of the thesis. Selected criteria contributed to the description of the selected lines of the analysis and also defined the factors influencing the selection of nutritional direction. In the practical part were compared selected dietary trends and the conclusions of these analyzes were summarized and can assist individuals in choosing the appropriate nutritional direction. Keywords Nutrition Health Lifestyle Food Reduction diet
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Low-carbohydrate diets and their effect on body composition and sports performance
Kysel, Pavel ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The effect of low-carbohydrate diets on physical fitness is still controversial. The goal of low-carbohydrate diets is to minimize the effects on sports performance by restricting carbohydrates, while optimizing body composition by reducing subcutaneous fat while maintaining maximum muscle mass. The aim of this work is to search the current literature and scientific studies, and to determine the effect of low-carbohydrate and therefore ketogenic diets on body composition and sports performance of various types. Partial tasks are then to define the circumstances that are related to the main goal, or are derived from it, i.e. individual motor skills, including their development and circumstances leading to the influence of sports performance, as well as the area of the individual's body composition and the obvious circumstances of food intake. An essential part is the most up-to-date reference and covering the main differences of low- carb diets in their entirety. The results are mixed, however, in endurance athletes, the body adapts to a fat-rich diet after about a week, and in general, oxidation of fats provides enough energy in the form of intramuscular triacylglycerols or free fatty acids in plasma. Theoretically, this should lead to the investigation of muscle glycogen, as the most valuable...
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Pupils' reduction diet at choosing primary school
Vrátná, Petra ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis aims the attention on reduction diets at pupils at choosing school. The teoretical part describe the development of the pubety age, the accurate regime according to the pupils' proces, the types of reduction diets, the alternative food and the following motion aktivity. The thesis deals with the illneses, which can be caused by reduction diets, which are kept quite often. At the end of the teoretical part it is manchened the under topic the reduction diet, which is involved in the part Health Education and PE of the topic according to the the Framework Education Programme and the School Education Programme ZŠ Dobiášova. The issue that conception of educational lesson aim on reduction diets, alternative way of eating and the illneses, that can be caused by reduction diets The practical part of thesis contains the amount of pupils in second level of primary school (6. - 9. grade) who keep or kept reduction diet at choosing liberecká school, afterwads there were the conversations with the choosing pupils which lead solving, why pupils want to be on diet and what is the reason to be on diet. To gain the information is used the quantitative approach of questionnaire survey and then the structured conversation that is led with choosing pupils, then there is created the preparation of...
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Analysis of contemporary ways of feeding
Augustinová, Michaela ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis aims to describe the selected nutritional trends with respect not only the physiological needs of man. Nutrition today is a very important aspect of our lives, and it is necessary to know the real nutrition for possibility of using alternative nutritional aspects. In particular, these findings were taken into account in the further processing of the thesis. Selected criteria contributed to the description of the selected lines of the analysis and also defined the factors influencing the selection of nutritional direction. In the practical part were compared selected dietary trends and the conclusions of these analyzes were summarized and can assist individuals in choosing the appropriate nutritional direction. Keywords Nutrition Health Lifestyle Food Reduction diet
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