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Reexports and indirect exports of Visegrad countries to China via Germany
Wlazel, Marek ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Želinský, Tomáš (referee)
Export of Visegrad countries to China is not only direct but is often realized via third countries. Sometimes this export is simply reexported, sometimes it enters the domestic economy as an input in production of exports of the third country and then we speak about indirect export. Due to data availability, however, it is very difficult to accurately track these flows for every single product and therefore they must be estimated from national input-output tables. This paper calculates the reexports and indirect exports of Visegrad goods led through Germany, as it is the most dominant export destination of all the Visegrad countries and also the main exporter to China in the whole EU. The results show that the V4 exports to China in fact more than suggested by the official statistics. Attributing reexports and indirect exports via Germany increases total exports by 68%. Measured values also show that 55% of Visegrad exports to Germany are not intended to cover domestic consumption but for further exports. Keywords Export, reexport, indirect export, Visegrad countries, Germany, China, statistical discrepancies, Rotterdam effect, input-output analysis
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Financovanie a využívanie LNG terminálov s dopadmi na európskeho spotrebiteľa
Janovská, Eva
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of LNG import into the European Un-ion which relates to the inefficiency of LNG facilities due to creation of the price arbitrages on more price attractive markets. The author of the thesis looks at the annual utilization of the European facilities over the past seven years and also points to the arguable funding of these facilities from European Union sources because of their low utilization. The main objective of the thesis is speculate about possible negative impact liquefied natural gas re-export on domestic consumers. Using the correlation coefficient, directly proportional relationship between coun-try's natural gas price and its reexport volume is examined.
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Reexports and indirect exports of Visegrad countries to China via Germany
Wlazel, Marek ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Želinský, Tomáš (referee)
Export of Visegrad countries to China is not only direct but is often realized via third countries. Sometimes this export is simply reexported, sometimes it enters the domestic economy as an input in production of exports of the third country and then we speak about indirect export. Due to data availability, however, it is very difficult to accurately track these flows for every single product and therefore they must be estimated from national input-output tables. This paper calculates the reexports and indirect exports of Visegrad goods led through Germany, as it is the most dominant export destination of all the Visegrad countries and also the main exporter to China in the whole EU. The results show that the V4 exports to China in fact more than suggested by the official statistics. Attributing reexports and indirect exports via Germany increases total exports by 68%. Measured values also show that 55% of Visegrad exports to Germany are not intended to cover domestic consumption but for further exports. Keywords Export, reexport, indirect export, Visegrad countries, Germany, China, statistical discrepancies, Rotterdam effect, input-output analysis
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International trade in Malagasy succulents, protected by CITES
KOŠKOVÁ, Irena
Harvesting of endangered plant species from wild nature for trade purposes as well as reduction of natural habitats are the main reasons for lost populations in wild nature. CITES listed the endangered species, for which trade control is required, to its list. Included in the list is majority of Madagascar-based succulents plants. This thesis reviews trade with the Madagascar-based succulent plants protected by CITES between the Czech Republic and other countries. The trade was reviewed based on data from CITES Trade Database administered by UNEP WCMC for periods between 1992 and 2012. The most frequent reason of the trade with the selected group of plants was commercial interests. The main country of import and re-export was Madagascar with dominant share of specimens originating from wild nature. Almost all specimens were live plants from Appendix II. The share of represented genus in import, re-export and export was very similar. The development trends were not demonstrable from the statistical point of view.
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