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Vliv vybraných faktorů na rychlost kažení plodové zeleniny
ŠUTKOVÁ, Jana
Fruiting vegetables are among the most consumed vegetables worldwide, so it is important to constantly optimise storage conditions. The aim of the thesis was to assess the effect of tomato treatments (tap water, Cibulex) and storage temperatures (6.5 °C, 15 °C, 21 °C) on the rate of spoilage, to evaluate the preferences of respondents (n=347) regarding the consumption and purchase of tomatoes and to assess the supply of tomatoes in the market network. Tomato samples treated with Cibulex solution showed a lower increase of selected groups of microorganisms compared to control samples. In the questionnaire survey, it was found that 97% of the respondents consumed tomatoes and preferred domestic cherry tomatoes, with a sweet taste and juicy consistency. When purchasing tomatoes, respondents are mainly influenced by the price, quality and appearance of tomatoes. A relatively large proportion of respondents (63 %) store tomatoes at refrigerator temperature, which is not suitable because of the loss of flavour and taste of tomatoes. A survey of the tomato offer in nine supermarket chains (Tesco, Albert, Penny, Kaufland, Globus, Flop, Coop, Norma and Lidl) revealed a wide range of tomatoes during the summer and winter periods. The widest range (n=12) was found in the Globus and Lidl chains during the winter period.
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Účinek interakce deficitní výživy a výskytu bakterióz na růst a vývoj rostlin rajčete jedlého (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Školníková, Marie
The aim of this diploma thesis is determination of the influence of deficient nutrition in combination of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and development. In hydroponic cultivation experiment, tomato variety Darinka was cultivated in solutions without N, P, K, Ca, Mg and in variant with all nutrition (control variant). The dry matter of root and stem was weighed and root length, density and electrical capacitance were set. The content of nutrition in plants was also assessed. The level of infection was determined in 1st term, the highest level had plants with insufficient of Ca and P. High reduction of root and stem dry matter was found in Ca, N, P and Mg deficient plants. The low root electrical capacitance, length and density was determined in plants with Ca, N a P deficiency within infected group and in Ca and N deficient plants within noninfected group. Bacterial infection caused the reduction of all observing parameters in contrast to the plants from noninfected group. The antagonism and synergism between the elements were also showed.
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Monitoring alkaloidů v rajčatech
Šimková, Magdalena
The thesis on Monitoring alkaloids in tomatoes describes a group of alkaloids and also some of them. The thesis focuses on the Solanaceae family, especially the tomato plant, tomato production, important substances and their influence on human health. The thesis presents information about tomato products and their quality which is influenced by the general material. Furthermore, separative and identification methods which can qualify alkaloids are described. In the practical part of the thesis the content of alkaloids in whole tomato plant is found out qualitatively by DESI and DART technic, the amount of the present alkaloids in unripe fruit, semi-ripe fruit and ripe fruit quantitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography connected with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The volume of alkaloids in tomato juice, ketchup and tomato paste are determined.
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Zhodnotenie účinku aplikácie kompostov na výnos rajčiaka jedlého a ekonomiku jeho pestovania
Kriška, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis is focused on aplicaton of vermicompost, compost with biochar and industrial compost with respect to the yield and economics of tomato cultivation. The work evaluates the effect of graded doses of chosen composts on nutritional conditions of tomato during vegetation, yield and fruit quality of tomato. We have also evaluated the economic impact of compost fertilization on tomato production. The results showed that compost fertilization has a positive impact on yield, fruit quality and economics of tomato production.
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Účinek kombinace hnojení dusíkem a mikroelementy na výnos a kvalitu rajčat
Koriťák, Pavel
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the effect of foliar fertilization by microelements combined with nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) The experiment was implemented as a container experiment and field experiment. There were 5 variants of the container experiment: B1 (150 g B/ha), B2 (300 g B/ha), B3 (150 + 150 g B/ha), Zn1 (300g Zn/ha) and Zn2 (150 + 150 g Zn/ha) - all with the same dose of calcium nitrate. The field experiment was designed in Nová Červená Voda in 3 variants: B1 (150 g B/ha), B2 (300 g B/ha) a B3 (150 + 150 g B/ha) – all with the same dose of NPK fertilizer. In the container experiment, the highest NDVI was measured in Zn1 variant. The NDVI showed a significant dependence on the average yield of fruit. The lowest nitrate content was seen in Zn1 variant. The highest yield of fruit was in Zn2 variant. In the field experiment, the highest yield of fruit was in variant B3. The results of the experiments showed positive effect of nitrogen application combined with the microelements on yield and quality of tomatoes.
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Hodnocení kvalitativních parametrů rajčat v hydroponické produkci
Malečková, Radka
This master thesis focuses on hydroponic tomato production, which has been gaining on importance due to the decreasing availability of fertile soil, lack of water and the growth of global population. The aim of the presented work was to describe the effect of variety and production timing on the yield, growth and qualitative parameters. The study was performed in the commercial greenhouse of AGRO Haná a.s. located in Smržice, Czech Republic and took place between December 13, 2017 and August 10, 2018. Three varieties of the cherry type were included in the study: the main commercial ‘SWEETELLE’ variety and two trial varieties ‘BAMANO’ and ‘AXIANA’. The latter was the only one with entire fruit-bearing cincinni being harvested. The scored growth parameters included weekly growth gain, number of newly emerged leaves and leaf length, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits and fruit weight. In addition, at the level of rows (each consisting of 246 plants), yield over the entire production period was recorded. Among the analysed qualitative traits were L-ascorbic acid content, dry matter content, total sugar content, refractometric dry matter content, antioxidant capacity and the content of total carotenoids. The fruit analysis was performed two times, once for the production with additional artificial lighting (April 16, 2018) and once for the growth under natural light only (June 25, 2018). In summary, qualitative differences between varieties were revealed, for example ‘AXIANA’ gave the highest yield over the entire production period and had the highest L-ascorbic acid content, while ‘BAMANO’ was the variety richest in sugars and refractometric dry matter content. In addition, the fruit quality was influenced by available radiation.
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Uplatnenie symbiotických húb glomus pri produkcii modelových zástupcov zeleniny
Nedorost, Ľudovít
This dissertation deals with the use of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the cultivation of vegetables and aims to increase the yield and quality. The literature review defines different types of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Furthermore, the thesis describes the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM), its biology, and influence of mineral nutrition and impact of biotic and abiotic stresses. This description is complemented by the prospects of the AM symbiosis in agriculture. The experimental part is devoted to the evaluation of plants inoculated with arbuscular fungi. The experiment was conducted as a pot experiment in containers (2009 - 2011) with appropriate substrate and irrigation dose. In parallel, there were a few other experiments with vegetable seedlings. The evalueted parameters included: yield parameters and also nutritional parameters such as vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity and dry matter content. Very significant indicator was the assessment of mycorrhizal root colonization by the fungus. There were used different types of arbuscular fungi, as well as the combination of AM fungi with saprophytic fungi. The results were statistically processed. Based on the results, we can conclude that mycorrhiza resulted in an increase in yield of tomatoes and leeks grown in containers. There was no statistically significant effect of any mycorrhizal treatment on the dry mater content. Positive effect of inoculation was shown at vitamin C content and total antioxidant capacity. Tomato and lettuce seedlings were also positively influenced by AM fungi. Overall, the experiment can be considered as successful, because the positive effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis was proved.
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Dozrávání rajčat z pozdních sběrů
Němec, Michal
In this diploma thesis "Ripening tomatoes from the late harvest" were investigated supporting options of the post harvest of the completely green fruit, which remained unharvested in the later stages of harvest. Fruits were transferred from the field conditions to the temperature of 20 °C and afterwards were successively treated with ethylene as the supportive maturing factor, which helped them to get to the suitable conditions for subsequent maturation. Two varieties of tomatoes were used for the speed of ripening. At the end of the cultivation period, both varieties of tomatoes 'Expres' and 'Premio' were treated by the three concentrations of exogenous ethylene, 2 100 ppm, 7 360 ppm and 2 200 ppm. Technologically important parameters such as the size and weight of fruit, fruit color, fruit firmness, soluble solids and titration acid were evaluated during the post-harvest storage (21 days). Influence of ethylene in concentrations up to 7 360 ppm has proven effective post-harvest treatment that supports ripening of originally unripe fruit at the end of the growing season. Also differences in the investigated varieties were proved, the 'Premio' variety was after the ethylene treatment sensitive in parameters, which were monitored.
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Influence of bioeffectors application on phosphorus availability in substrate and on tomato yields
Beranová, Martina ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Hanč, Aleš (referee)
In the past few years, the Czech Republic has been trying to increase the input of plant available phosphorus (P) due to the increasing its bioavailability in soil. From the point of view agriculture properties we can say that there is only little amount of readily available P in soil. Plants are unable to take up phosphorus sufficiently, which is mainly due to the fact it is part of various less soluble soil compounds. Therefore, there are new technologies aiming to make P more plant available. One of these technologies are so called Bioeffectors
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to increase the plant available phosphorus content in soil due to the bioeffectors application and therefore increasing tomato yield and quality.
The bioefectors used contained the following microorganisms: Trichoderma harzianum, strain T22, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain FZB42 (RhizoVital), Pseudomonas sp. (pProradix) and a combination of Trichoderma harzianum with Bacillus subtilis with Zn and Mn added (CombiFector). The plant height, above ground biomass yields, tomato fruit yields and the contents of selected macro and micronutrients in soil (bioavailable form) and tomatoes fruit (total form) were estimated.
From the results is clear that: a) in the majority of monitored parameters, significant differences between treatments were not observed; b) Trichoderma treatment, in comparison to the Proradix showed significantly higher Mg content in soil, but only at the significance level 0.05; c) the total content of sulfur in the tomato fruit at the Trichoderma treatment was significantly lower in comparison with the Proradix and Combifector variations, and that at a significance level of 0.01.
In conclusion, it is possible to state that the application of bioeffectors, in the majority of cases, did not lead to significant changes of studied parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new strategies that effectively increase the availability of phosphorus contained in soils and applied fertilizers. Therefore, it is possible to suggest further testing of bioeffectors in particular for further research in soils with varied characteristics and deeper microbiological analysis serving to understand the mechanisms of effectiveness and determine the viability of the products.
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