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Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
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Knowledge of population about nuclear disaster at Fukushima in Vysočina region
ČERNÁ, Tereza
The thesis deals with the knowledge of the population about the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in the Vysočina Region. The goal is to determine the level of knowledge of population about the accident and then compare the knowledge of people aged 18-44 years and older than 45 years. In the thesis were set two hypotheses, H1: the knowledge of the population in the nuclear accident will be close to normal distribution and H2: people under 45 years will have statisticly higher knowledge than older people. To achieve the setted goals and to test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was compiled and a survey was made. The results of the survey were evaluated by methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions. The survey consisted of 100 people aged 18-44 years and 100 people aged over 45 years. The results of the survey show that the overall percentage of correctly answered questions was 63,3 %, which can be considered slightly above average. 66,1 % of people aged 18-44 years answered the questions correctly and residents over the age of 45 years 60,6 % correctly. The set goals were achieved and both hypotheses were confirmed. The benefit of this thesis is to obtain a picture of knowledge of public in the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in the Vysočina Region. The results can also be used for crisis management authorities within the preparation and preventive educational activities focused on the issue of nuclear energy and radiation protection.
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Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
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The perception of the Czech population on radiation risks resulting from Fukushima power plant accident
ORTHOVÁ, Nikola
Fukushima accident is surely among one of the biggest nuclear accident in history. This accident was classified as the highest level of international classification scale radiation events, because there was a massive release of radionuclides into the environment, in the air and groundwater that seep into the waters of the sea. The same level, seven had a nuclear the Chernobyl accident. This accident caused the seabed quake and subsequent tsunami that excluded out cooling operation and power three reactors. Although there had been no deaths influence to radiation, and even in anyone not been proven radiation sindroms, so just as after the Chernobyl accident, even after this began to discuss nuclear energy worldwide. In the first part I dealt with developing a list of potential sources of exposure of the population, a summary of significant nuclear and radiation accidents, and I have analyzed in detail the Fukushima disaster and its aftermath. The following chapter summaries are developed each radiobiological effects of ionizing radiation on the human organism and I listed the health problems and illnesses caused by radiation bombardment. The last chapter of this thesis focuses on basic radiation protection systems. Determine the state of knowledge and opinions of people living in the Czech Republic on radiation risks stemming from Fukushima accidenthave I done with the help of a questionnaire survey conducted online, through social networks. All respondents' answers I analyzed and compiled into tables. Obtained results were analyzed and statistically processed with the help of a good test 2 stairs, I also conducted compared and assessed of this analysis in relation to the residence of the respondents. Individual randomly selected regions I tested with the help of two-tailed t-test. Based on these results, I must say that the knowledge of the Czech population reported serious faults. And it is necessary to say that knowledge of the Czech population statistically significant differences. I declare that I have met all the pre-specified objective. But the hypotheses have been disproved.
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The knowledge of the population of the Czech Republic about the radiation risks resulting from accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.
JAROŠ, Luboš
The Chernobyl disaster is still considered to be one of the biggest catastrophic accidents in the history of nuclear energetics. After the explosion of the nuclear reactor, abundance of radioactive substance escaped to the atmosphere and in the shape of the radioactive cloud affected even the area of the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Political parties and state authorities reacted on this situation by setting up the state committee, which under political pressure intentionally concealed the information about the risks and consequences of the disaster for the Czechoslovak population. The collapse of the regime not only revealed the crisis of the mistrust to the official sources of information, but also improved the effort of getting information from unofficial and, according to regime, illegal sources. The Chernobyl disaster also caused the mistrust to nuclear energetics. Therefore construction and initiation of the Temelín nuclear power station elicited the interest to the information about The Chernobyl disaster. I have decided to authenticate in my thesis, how well the residents of the Czech Republic are familiar with the Chernobyl disaster and how objective their knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster at present are. I found out the state of the foreknowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster by means of questionnaires, where 200 respondents were interviewed. For more detailed research, I divided the residents of the Czech Republic into two groups. The first one consisted of the inhabitants that live in the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station and comprise one half of respondents. The second group consisted of the inhabitants that live of the zone of the disaster preparedness. I drew up questions in the questionnaire in order to include the given problems completely ? from the knowledge about the risks arising from the disaster and emission of the radioactive substances to their consequences for human?s health and the way of reduction their impacts on the population of the Czech Republic. I evaluated the answers from the respondents to the single answers and drew up the tables. I accomplished them by the percentage evaluation of the right and wrong answers, computation of total mean of the achieved points and the total percentage success rate. The evaluation of the knowledge of the respondents of the Czech Republic was accomplished on the basis of the value of total mean of the achieved points and percentage success rate. I did a statistical evaluation by testing normality using ?2 Pearson's chi-squared test. The mutual comparison of the knowledge I did by testing by means of the two-sample t-test on the basis of the guess of the empirical parameters from each group. On the basis of this evaluation of the results of the questionnaire I can declare that the knowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster are at a very good level. The results also proved that inhabitants of the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station have greater knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster than the rest of the Czech Republic. It can be observed in the conclusion that all predetermined aims were successfully achieved and the results of the questionnaire also proved the assigned hypothesis.
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External and internal contamination by radioactive substances (tutorial)
KUČEROVÁ, Lenka
The text concerns the creation of a complete education programme focussing on internal and external contamination by radioactive substances. The education programme is composed of several chapters explaining the given problem to the student. The first part of the text explains certain basic facts concerning ionizing radiation, radioactivity, and the quantities characterizing these phenomena. Further, the text explains the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body. The third section describes all sources and routes of contamination by radioactive substances, and historically important radiation events. Further, attention is paid to individual radionuclides and their behaviour in the body. The chapters entitled `internal and external contamination{\crq} deal with the issue and nature of these types of contamination, protection from the individual types of contamination, and subsequent measures in case they take place. The result is an education programme in the Moodle e-learning environment, which will serve as an education tool for students of the study field of Radiological Assistant and Protection of the Inhabitants at the College of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia. Simultaneously, it will ensure their better orientation in this subject, namely and especially through better availability of the prepared education material.
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