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Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech Republic from medical sources
ŠÍPOVÁ, Aneta
The intention of my diploma thesis was estimate the effective doses from different examinations in the area of the nuclear medicine and radiodiagnosis and find out what numbers are of the examinations in the Czech republic. In the theoretical part I worked with the professional literature, the applicable legal regulations and the internet links. The diploma thesis on the topic "Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech republic from medical sources" is partition to the two parts. The introductory part of the theoretical work is dedicated to the importance of medical radiation within radiological methods and to the brief description the whole thesis. In the other part od the thesis are summarized the informations about the ionizing radiation - about his history, species, sources, interactions with the environment and biological effects on the organism. In the other part of the thesis which is devoted to radiation protection is listed the basic czech legislation which relates on the given topic. Further are in this thesis within the radiation protection listed her objectives, conception, principles, radiation protection methods, radiation monitoring and basic monitored quantities which are important in terms of the radiation protection. In the last part of the theoretical thesis is listed the medical radiation and his possibilities of use in the medical. In this thesis were to established three objectives. The first objective was to estimate the average effective doses in various examinations in the nuclear medicine and the radiodiagnosis. For selected examinations was calculated the average effective dose for patients who underwent the selected examination in January 2022. In the framework of nuclear medicine, it was an skeletal scintigraphy (96 patients), myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (51 patients), perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy (166 patients) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (12 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021. In the famework of the radiodiagnosis, it was an CT brain natively (226 patients), abdominal CT natively (91 patients), CT chest native (33 patients) and CT of the lumbrar spine natively (46 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021 and the results listed in the document "Medical radiation assessment" released by the SÚJB in the year 2021. The second objective was to find out how are numbers of examinations mentioned above in Czech republic. For this purpose I was provided with data from ÚZIS. Within this objective were estimated the collective effective doses. The third objective was estimated the relative probability of emergence of stochastic effects (the cancer). For this purpose was used the program named X-ray risk.
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Ionizing radiation as a topic of environmental education
VANĚČEK, Marcel
Ionizing radiation is a physical factor that has a significant effect on human health. An average person on Earth is irradiated at an average of 2.4 mSv per year. Most of this dose comes from natural sources, especially radon. High levels of radon are the second most common cause of lung cancer after smoking. At present there is an increase in exposure from medical sources which in some developed countries may equal to exposure from natural sources. Basic knowledge about sources of ionizing radiation, its effects and protection against it should be known to all high school students. The diploma thesis focuses on ionizing radiation from the perspective of high school teachers and students. It is divided into two main parts. In the first theoretical part the issue of ionizing radiation as a physical factor affecting human health is discussed. It describes the origin of ionizing radiation, basic concepts such as radioactivity and half-life, there are different types of radiation, individual sources, effects and protection against it. The second practical part is focused on examining the knowledge of high school students on this issue. The work tries to solve several goals. The first goal of the thesis is analysing the approach of high school teachers to information about the topic of ionizing radiation. The second goal is to verify the knowledge of high school students. The third goal is to evaluate whether high school students have a better knowledge of the topic of ionizing radiation than grammar school students. The fourth and last goal of the diploma thesis is to write a freely accessible material about the topic of ionizing radiation for high school teachers and students. This material will serve as an information source during the creation of the educational material for teachers teaching on the topic of ionizing radiation, but it can also be used by students while preparing seminar papers.
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