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Analysis of Psilocybe constituents II.
Gunčagová, Andrea ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Jáč, Pavel (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology Candidate: Bc. Andrea Gunčagová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The analysis of Psilocybe constituents II. The aim of this thesis was to analyse Psilocybe constituents, to plot the places of occurence of chosen Psilocybe brands and also to determinate their water content. The thesis deals with 22 samples that originate in 10 habitats in Slovakia and Moravian- Silesian region. Accuracy of brand specification was supervised by a member of mycological society. Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica was identified in 2, whereas Psilocybe semilanceata in 8 habitats. The average content of H20 in samples was 87,07 % ± 10,91 %. All of the samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS (LIT) method. The qualitative analysis of determinated substances showed the presence of psilocine (PSC) and psilocybine (PSB) in all samples. The results of quantitative analysis (expressed in percentage of dry matter) are similar in particular habitats, but there is a significant difference between two specific brands of Psilocybe mushrooms. The content of determinated alkaloids in P. bohemica was: PSC 0,001-0,011 % a PSB 0,01-0,07%. P. semilanceata contained 0,0005 - 0,011 % PSC a 0,074 - 0,763% PSB....
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Analysis of Psilocybe constituents I.
Kobrlová, Tereza ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Jáč, Pavel (referee)
The goal of this work was to determine the contents of two main alkaloid types of Psilocybe species occurring in the Czech Republic. Correct identification of species was checked by mycology specialist. Qualitative and quantitative determination of substances contained in three collected species of the genus Psilocybe was carried out by LC-MSn (LIT). Samples were mainly collected in the north and northeast Bohemia. Three species of Psilocybe were found. The most found species were P. serbica var. bohemica then P. semilanceata and only one deposit of P. serbica var. arcana. Total of 35 deposits within eighteen locations. From qualitative point of view, the two main alkaloids were confirmed in all samples. Quantitative results for content of psilocin and psilocybin (in this order) are: P. bohemica 0,005 - 0,152 %, 0,000 - 0,048 %; P. semilanceata 0,087 - 0,337 %, 0,000 - 0,005 %; P. arcana 0,018 - 0,031 %, 0,003 - 0,022 %. Results in all locations are similar and rather dependent on the fungi type. Our results are based on dry mass. This work brought fundamental knowledge for future optimisation of analytical methods and assumptions for the project extension of other locations and determination of content of minority substances alongside the content of majority substances.
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Psychedelics and mechanisms of their effect on the CNS
Vejmola, Čestmír ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Páleníček, Tomáš (referee)
Psychedelics represent the group of psychotropics, which induce characteristic cognitive, perceptual and emotional symptoms. They are represented by simple indolamines (psilocybin or DMT), ergoline derivatives (LSD), and substituted phenylethylamines (mescaline). This work with a systematic approach to the problem attempts to characterize the underlying basis of physiological effects of psychedelics in brain. After the general characterization of hallucinogens, among which psychedelics belong to, the first part is focused on the common psychological and physiological actions and risks associated with them. Follows the pharmacological characterization of selected representatives especially with regard to their origin, ways of administration, effects, distribution and metabolization in body. A large part is devoted to the description of G-protein-coupled receptors functioning. The principal part is the last one, which describes mechanisms of action of psychedelics at the cellular level such as well as in different brain regions.
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