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Roma women's attitudes towards reproductive health
KREJČOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor's thesis deals with the attitudes of Roma women towards reproductive health. The goal was to find out what kind of the knowledge Roma women have about reproductive health. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the characteristics of the Roma ethnicity are described, where attention is paid to Roma history, family, traditions and customs and nursing care for Roma in individual subsections. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with reproductive health. The menstrual cycle including menstrual aids, intercourse, promiscuity, contraception and its types were described in individual subsections. Furthermore, the subsections discuss pregnancy and getting pregnent subject, infertility, abortion and prevention in the field of reproductive health. The research part of the bachelor's thesis was carried out using semi-structured interviews, so it was processed using a qualitative method. Roma women of different ages were involved in data collection. The research survey took place from February to April 2024 and individual Roma women were identified as Ž1-Ž8. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the consent of the informants in a prearranged, quiet and pleasant place for the women. The obtained data, which was recorded on a voice recorder, was evaluated manually, using the "pencil-paper" method. Subsequently, categories and subcategories were created based on the obtained data. The first main category was Health and its prevention, which contained subcategories called Health and Reproductive Health, Doctor's Visits and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The second main category was Safe Reproductive Life. This main category contained the subcategories Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Contraception and Infertility. From the research investigation of the bachelor's thesis, it was found that informants Ž2, Ž4, Ž6, Ž7 and Ž8 visit the doctor only when they are diagnosed with an illness or health complication. Furthermore, it was found that women Ž2, Ž5, Ž7 and Ž8 perceive reproductive health as something, they can get pregnant and have a child. Their overall knowledge of reproductive health is basic.
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"We're here, we're queer, get used to it!" Representation of Particular Isssues of LGBT+ Community in TV Series after 2000
SKALÁK, Pavel
The diploma thesis focuses on selected specific issues that LGBTQ people (lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, and other queer people) face due to their different non- heteronormative sexual and gender identities. Attention is paid specifically to issues of discrimination, stereotyping, partnership (marriage vs. registered partnership), parenthood, attributed promiscuity, and HIV / AIDS. The author focuses on fiction series broadcast between 2000 and 2021, which deals with queer topis and includes LGBTQ characters in the main or supporting roles, focusing on ways of depicting these characters and reflecting on selected issues they experience due to their identity. In foreign series such as Glee, Modern Family, Orange Is the New Black, Pose, Tales of the City, Sex Education, The Politician, It's a Sin and in the Czech series Ulice and MOST! the ways in which the series presents LGBTQ characters are analysed, in what discourse they are talked about and what effect these depictions may have on the majority heterosexual cisgender viewer. The thesis also provides an overview of the most common narrative archetypes of LGBTQ characters appearing in media production. These are also supplemented by examples of characters from the series of the last 20 years. Through a critical analysis of selected series and their reception, the author tries to point out the importance of portraying people with different sexual and gender identities and the influence of this television representation on the formation of opinions and attitudes towards LGBTQ people.
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Physiological and hormonal mechanisms influencing ejaculate quality in birds
Mojžišová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Sexual selection is an important mechanism of evolution. In addition to precopulatory sexual selection, arising when males compete for female partners, there is also postcopulatory sexual selection (sperm competition), when females copulate with more males. Even though most avian species are socially monogamous, most of them are also partially promiscuous. In such species, sperm competition is an important factor increasing variability in reproductive success between males. Male's success in sperm competition is primarily determined by sperm concentration, total sperm count and morphology and motility of spermatozoa. My bachelor thesis summarizes knowledge about the hormonal a physiological mechanisms that influence semen quality. This is especially the effect of sex and other hormones, physiological and oxidative stress, environmental conditions, antioxidant mechanism and composition of sperm cell membrane. Besides evaluating their influence on ejaculate quality on intraspecific level, I also describe their differences between avian species with respect to the differences of sperm competition.
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Postcopulatory sexual selection
Kivader, Tomáš ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Tomášek, Oldřich (referee)
Sexual selection is a key evolutionary process which affects transfer of gene's alleles to future generations. We distinguish precopulatory and postcopulatory sexual selection. Postcopulatory sexual selection is a type of sexual selection which takes place after copulation, more specifically after insemination. During precopulatory sexual selection same-sex individuals compete over the opportunity to reproduce. Simultaneously, males and females have different priorities. Males prefer quantity while females quality of offspring. So they compete in creating new strategies for increasing their own fitness. Consequently, sexual selection often leads to coevolution between males and females of the same species. Finally, this affects the segregation of individual populations and speciation. For establishing postcopulatory sexual selection it is important that multiple males are mating with the same female within the scope of one population. This is ensured by promiscuity or extra-pair copulations in various mating systems. There are two basic processes by which postcopulatory sexual selection is realized. Those are sperm competition and cryptic female choice. These mechanisms have not been explored in detail yet. Firstly, because monitoring postcopulatory processes in vivo is problematic, and secondly,...
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Exaggerated male tail length and sexual selection in birds
Záleská, Josefína ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Klvaňová, Alena (referee)
Elongated tail feathers and tail coverts of birds are used as a textbook example of exaggerated secondary sexual characters evolved through sexual selection via female choice. The female tendency to prefer males with the most elaborate ornaments can be explained on the basis of a positive genetic correlation between the preference and the ornament. Alternatively, an elaborated ornament can indicate good quality and heritable viability of the male and therefore, choosing the most ornamented male, the female chooses for "good genes" for her offsprings. Sexual ornaments can impose negative effects on a different aspect of the individual's life. The compensation for these disadvantages should be enhanced reproductive success of the ornamented males. This thesis aims to summarize main findings of the role of elongated tail feathers in sexual selection in birds, concerning their effects on viability and atractivity of males in different mating systems. It provides an illustrating overview of the occurrence of elongated tail feathers in birds, and puts together available evidence of fitness benefits associated with elongated tail feathers in males. Despite a pervasive interest in the signalling function of tail feather ornaments in birds, most research focuses on only a few model taxa, with often...
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Secondary male ornamentation and extra-pair paternity: experimental manipulation in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis)
Šplíchalová, Petra ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Extra-pair paternity, resulting from sexual promiscuity, is frequently detected in socially monogamous passerines. Previous studies on extra-pair paternity in birds have identified several traits correlated with increased fertilization success of males. However, the effect of experimental manipulation of ornament expression on male fertilization success has only seldom been evaluated. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the potential link between the size of a trait suposedly playing a role in female mate choice decision and male fertilization success in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), using experimental manipulation of male forehead white patch size. In addition, mating success, mating speed of the manipulated and control individuals and size of a brood (a proxy for female reproductive investments) were evaluated. Results indicate that forehead patch size manipulation did not affect male social pairing success (mating speed), his social mate reproductive investments (brood size) or male extra-pair and within-pair fertilization success. Keywords: extra-pair paternity, sexual selection, reproductive success, collared flycatcher
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Physiological and hormonal mechanisms influencing ejaculate quality in birds
Mojžišová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Sexual selection is an important mechanism of evolution. In addition to precopulatory sexual selection, arising when males compete for female partners, there is also postcopulatory sexual selection (sperm competition), when females copulate with more males. Even though most avian species are socially monogamous, most of them are also partially promiscuous. In such species, sperm competition is an important factor increasing variability in reproductive success between males. Male's success in sperm competition is primarily determined by sperm concentration, total sperm count and morphology and motility of spermatozoa. My bachelor thesis summarizes knowledge about the hormonal a physiological mechanisms that influence semen quality. This is especially the effect of sex and other hormones, physiological and oxidative stress, environmental conditions, antioxidant mechanism and composition of sperm cell membrane. Besides evaluating their influence on ejaculate quality on intraspecific level, I also describe their differences between avian species with respect to the differences of sperm competition.
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