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Kvalita primární půdní organické hmoty v půdách porostů energetických trav
ČERNÝ, Martin
One of the main factors determining soil quality is soil organic matter. Its quality and content affect the soil properties and the surrounding environment. It is a source of many elements and nutrients important for soil organisms and plants. Therefore, from the point of view of agriculture, quality arable lands must have high soil organic mat-ter content. Methods for determining soil organic matter are still being developed and refined. This thesis uses one of the newer methods to evaluate the quality of primary soil organic matter by determining the rate constant for oxidation in soils of energy grasses Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense L. grown on experimental plots of the Faculty of agriculture and technology of University of South Bohemia. Samples from these soils were evaluated for primary soil organic matter and other properties, for example, quality of labile organic fractions, humus content, degree of humifica-tion etc. The results were evaluated after performing partial analyses. It was found that the quality and quantity of soil organic matter change during the season and have variances according to the monitored grass species. During the summer, the primary soil organic matter reached a higher quality. The share of primary soil organic matter in the soil during the individual months also differed, especially in March 2021 and March 2022. The newly formed matter accumulated due to minimal mineralization during the colder climate. The content of stable organic fractions is supported by agrotechnical operations such as fertilization. The highest average results of the con-tent of stable organic fractions were found in the surface layers at depth of 0-10 cm in the fertilized variant of vegetation. The average content of stable organic fractions in this depth was 1,23% for Phleum pratense L. And the average content of stable organic fractions at depth of 0-10 cm was 1,18% for Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
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Kvalita nezhumifikované půdní organické hmoty v půdách porostu rostliny Miscanthus × giganteus
SKOBA, David
The diploma thesis is focused on observing the yield parameters of the plant Miscanthus × giganteus and on monitoring and comparing the content of soil organic matter under this stand in two variants (Cut, Uncut) and the adjacent fallow (control variant - Fallow variant). The experiments took place at the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, where the growth of this plant was established several years ago and experiments are carried out every year aimed at observing the yield of this plant. Field work consisted of taking phytomass and monitoring the yields of the monitored plant. Furthermore, soil samples were taken from individual management variants for subsequent analysis. The quantity and quality of soil organic matter was monitored in the laboratory. The yield of dry matter in the Uncut variant exceeded 20 t ? ha-1. Furthermore, it was found that the date of soil sampling had an effect on the amount of organic matter in the soil. In the summer months (July and August 2019) a higher content of carbon of primary soil organic matter, carbon of stable fractions of soil organic matter and total organic carbon was recorded. The carbon content of stable organic fractions is influenced by different management. While the highest was in the Fallow variant, the lowest content was in the Cut variant, the difference between the two variants was statistically significant. The content of total organic carbon was the highest in August 2019, when it reached 3.1%.
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Vliv technologie pěstování cukrové řepy na množství a kvalitu půdní organické hmoty
NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta
The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the content of soil organic matter and its quality in two variants of samples. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the values of soil samples taken in the sugar beet using two different variants of agrotechnical interventions - mechanical weed control with loosening and a variant using pesticides without loosening. Sampling took place near the village of Úhřetická Lhota in the Pardubice Region. The samples were processed in the laboratory and after their analysis the monitored parameters of quantity and quality of soil organic matter were determined: CPPOH - carbon of primary soil organic matter, CSOF - carbon of stable organic fractions, Corg - total organic carbon, constant k - quality indicator of primary soil organic matter
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Kvalifikace primární půdní organické hmoty podle rychlostní konstanty oxidace v půdách energetických rostlin
ČERNÝ, Martin
An important thing that is influencing quality of yields or biomass for agricultural pruposes and sources for biogas plants is important quality of soil organic matter. It has a major impact on individual attributes of soil organic matter and environment. Over the years have been made many methods which are still upgrading. This bachelor thesis use one of the new method for rating quality of primary soil organic matter by constant of oxidation in soils of energetic grasses Festuca Arundinacea and Phleum pratense. These grasses were grown on experimental fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. It has been rating attributes of soil samples from individual grasses such as humus content, degree of humification process and content total organic carbon in the soil. It was confirmed that soil ecosystem is subject to dynamic succession during the year. For this succession helps primary soil organic matter. The quality of soil organic matter depending on the type of grass and also style of how every grass is cultivated during the year. Fertilized parts achieved better results. For example in the final measurements was found to increase the quantity and quality of primary soil organic matter for both species of grasses or an increased content of soil organic carbon.
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Kvalifikace primární půdní organické hmoty podle rychlostní konstanty oxidace v lesních půdách
NĚMCOVÁ, Michaela
The work was focused on the research of soil organic matter content and quality of selected forest soils. In the theoretical part of the thesis there were described in detail terms important to understand the given topic. In the practical part soil probes were excavated and soil samples were taken from individual horizons. The probing was carried out in two stands with a different representation of trees (forest type 0P, district Hodějov, Forest Management Třeboň, ownership of the Czech Republic, right to manage Forests of the Czech Republic, etc.). In the first case, it was a vegetation of deciduous trees (vegetation 356D12), in the second one with a vegetation of coniferous trees (356E11). In the laboratory of the Department of Agroecosystems of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice soil samples were modified and further examined in terms of the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. A new method, proposed by the collections of authors Kopecký, Kolář, Borová-Batt (2016), was used to compare the quality of the primary soil organic matter in individual samples by determining the velocity constant of the oxidation of the primary soil organic matter. The humus content was then determined and the degree of humification was calculated. The results show that the monitored parameters differ considerably in individual soil horizons. Significant differences were also observed when comparing soils of coniferous and deciduous stands. A considerable difference can be seen, for example, in the organic carbon content at the top horizons. For example, at the Ahe horizon, the total organic carbon content was found to be 39.71 % for coniferous soil, while in the leafy soil the carbon content at the same horizon was only 7.06 %. The highest value of the velocity constant to oxidation of the primary soil organic matter, which indicates its highest quality, was recorded at the Ep horizon (9-20 cm depth) of the deciduous soil probe.
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Soil organic material, its components and reasons, why it is essential to differentiate them.
KRÁTKÁ, Petra
We are learning about a soil organic material as a unit from diverse media or lay and specialist literature. This informations are not differing the parts and characteristic of the soil complex. There are also terminological discrepancies which lead to incorrect deduction about soil fertility, decrease of topsoil content and poor management. This is a reason, why I do a literary summary in my thesis about a soil organic material and an individial soil components. It is a essential to distinguish the soil components for their different quality and the different origin after transformation precess. My task was a term clarification in soil organic material segmentation. We can divide it in two major groups: primary soil organic material and stable topsoil. The primary soil organic material is decomposed in exothermic mineralization process and is a origin of a nutriants and an energy for the soil edafhon and plants. The topsoil is a stable organic material and its matters significantly affect fertility, nutrient content, structure, aerial, aquatic and thermic regime of the soil. Morover the topsoil matters has a highmolecular HK ability to the heavy metals absorbtion.
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