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Nursing care after upper limb replantation
KOVÁČOVÁ, Michaela
The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with the anatomy of an upper extremity, then it provides an introduction into traumatology, where a reader learns about amputation injuries, particularly about the types of amputation injury and the elementary first aid in such injuries. Further on it concentrates on the pre-surgery preparation for patients with indication to replantation, the course of the operation, post-surgery care and nursing care for patients after replantation in the upper extremity. The goal of this bachelor thesis was to examine the specifics of the nursing care for patients after replantation in the upper extremity. Nurses caring about such patients have numerous uneasy tasks, which they have to fulfil dutifully and with consideration. To be able to provide these patients with the care corresponding with the standards of nursing care, nurses have to have sufficient knowledge, which was the second goal examined within this thesis. Quantitative methodology was chosen for the achievement of these goals in the practical part. Semi-structured interviews related to the research questions were prepared. The survey sample set consisted of nurses working at the department where amputation injuries are sent most often, the trauma surgery department. We found out that if nurses are not sure how to proceed in the care and do not know the exact principles, they either turn to a physician or to a more experienced colleague. The school curriculum in terms of replantation seems insufficient. As summarization and revision of procedures have their importance, preparation of a seminar Nursing Care for Patients after Replantation in the Upper Extremity appears to be reasonable and helpful for nurses providing care to patients with these problems.
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Nurse´s role in caring for abdominal sudden event patients
JAREŠOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of nursing staff in the case of providing health for patients with acute abdominal incident (AAI) with a focus on preoperative and postoperative care for patient with AAI from the perspective of patients and nursing staff. This bachelor thesis is traditionally divided in the two parts, theoretical and prac-tical. This work aimed to "Describe the preoperative nursing care for patients with AAI" and "Describe postoperative nursing care for patients with AAI". The research part of this bachelor thesis has been conducted using a semi-structured interview with nurses work-ing in the surgical department and with patients who underwent AAI. Theoretical satu-ration was achieved with 5 nurses and 5 patients. The interviews were according and transcripted verbatim afterwards. The obtained information was processed by an open coding method and subsequently categorized. The research was conducted in April 2021. The interviews with patients display, that patients in critical condition with AAI are not able to perceive the preoperative care. The research also showed that the area of postoperative care is perceive by patients after AAI in the same way as other patients after other planned procedures. Futhermore the interviews suggest that patients appro-priately understand the necessary measures they have to follow once they are released from hospital to their home environment, which indicates that the nursing staff pro-vides adequate education to their patients. Results from nursing staff´s interviews show, that the nursing staff understand adequate procedure in acute preoperative and postoperative care when dealing with patients with AAI. The results from the preopera-tive care interviews identify an insufficient psychological preparation before an acute surgery in patients with AAI. The nursing staff acknowledges this problem. In their opinion, this problem is connected to the lack of time available in the preoperative preparations. This bachelor thesis suggest that better cooperation among the nursing staff is necessary when dealing with patients with AAI and also that psychological sup-port before an operation should not be overlooked. The results from this bachelor thesis can be used as study materials for medical staff or medical students.
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Management of patient´s care focused on anaesthesia before planned surgical procedure
HOLKUPOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis aims to map the specifics of the duties of a nurse anaesthetist. To meet the goals, 2 main research questions were set: "What activities does a nurse anaesthetist perform?", "What is the role of a nurse anaesthetist in a multidisciplinary team?". The goal is achieved through a qualitative survey, which was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with 6 nurse anaesthetists from hospitals in the South Bohemian region. To select and obtain informants, the "snow ball" technique was used. Data collection took place from March to June 2020. The data obtained were coded using the "pencil and paper" method and divided into categories and subcategories. The first part of the work is divided into chapters and subchapters dealing with management, anaesthesia, the profession of a nurse anaesthetist, and patient preparation before surgery. The practical part of the work processes and analyses interviews with nurse anaesthetists, where the open coding method is used to analyse the research data. From the analysis of the obtained data, we received a comprehensive view of the profession of a nurse anaesthetist. Nurse anaesthetists provide nursing care for the patient before, during, and after the operation. Among other things, they prepare the operating room and anaesthesiologic workplaces, and check and prepare the necessary aids and devices. During the provision of comprehensive patient care, the nurses mention communication and cooperation with all members of the multidisciplinary team as an indispensable part. Team members communicate with each other, work together, and help each other to ensure quality patient care. The bachelor's thesis can serve in practice as a motivation for general nurse students to further their education and to perform the profession of a nurse anaesthetist. The whole work aims to explain the scope of work of a nurse anaesthetist. The output of this work is a professional article mediating information for medical staff in a professional periodical.
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Specifics of nursing care in children before and after cardiac surgery.
NOVOTNÁ, Stanislava
Heart defects are classified into two types: critical and non-critical, with the vast majority of heart defects requiring immediate initiation of treatment or initiation of surgery. This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children before and after such a cardiac surgery invasion. The first goal of this work was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery, the second goal was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery, and the third goal of the bachelor thesis was to map the issue of nursing care for children before and after cardiac surgery from the parents' point of view. In the bachelor thesis, two research questions and two hypotheses were set. The first research question concerned the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery. The second research question aimed to define the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery based on findings. In the first hypothesis, we were interested in whether the parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery are educated in the field of nursing care. The second hypothesis was to determine whether the parents of children undergoing heart surgery are satisfied with nursing care. The first part of the research was carried out using the method of qualitative research, in the form of a semi-structured interview with nurses who care for children before or after heart surgery. The second part of the research was carried out by the method of quantitative research, in the form of anonymous questionnaires with parents of children before and after cardiac surgery. Interviews in the qualitative survey showed that nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of preoperative and postoperative care. They can independently determine what preoperative preparation is needed, which samples are important before surgery, what premedication is appropriate and how long before the procedure the child should be fasted, which is very important for new-borns. In postoperative care, their knowledge is above standard. They can evaluate complications after operations and, if necessary, are able to intervene independently. They are familiar with the area of sampling and examinations, which must be done immediately upon arrival from the hospital ward, and can evaluate how to load the digestive tract after surgery. A lot of knowledge also comes from communication with parents, where the sisters see great pitfalls that could be addressed in the form of seminars on communication. From the evaluation of the results of the quantitative survey, it was found that the parents of the children are sufficiently educated in the field of nursing care and are satisfied with the nursing care. Based on the results, it can be stated that in comparison with the theoretical knowledge, the nurses have essentially the same knowledge. Preoperative and postoperative care for children with heart defects is very demanding and burdensome not only for the child but also for nurses, and therefore it is very welcome that the parents of the children were satisfied with the education and nursing care.
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Nursig care about newborn within the perioperation care.
BENEŠOVÁ, Nikola
The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.
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Specificity in the provision of nursing care before and after thyroid surgery.
HAUSEROVÁ, Kateřina
After diabetes mellitus we encounter thyroid disease as the most common disease of the endocrine glands. The most common diseases of endocrine glands are inflammations, tumors, struma or thyroid enlargement, thyroid hyperfunction and hypofunction. Indications for surgery are among others malignant and benign thyroid diseases. In the postoperative care both general and specific principles are applied, which are conformed to the condition of the patient, the type of surgery and the surgeon requirements. Providing the right nursing care should also help the prevention of possible postoperative complications. The bachelor thesis named "Special features in providing nursing care before and after thyroid surgery" is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with thyroid anatomy and physiology and its surroundings, its need for iodine, it describes individual thyroid diseases, thyroid disease diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, it also deals with the nursing care before and after thyroid surgery, the emergence of possible complications and last but not least it deals with home care after the patient is discharged from hospital. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to detect the pecularities of providing nursing care before and after thyroid surgery and to determine regime measures and the knowledge of these in patients after thyroid surgery at the surgical department. Research questions were created to achieve the objectives. Q1: What are the pecularities of the nursing care before thyroid surgery? Q2: What are the pecularities of the nursing care after thyroid surgery? Q3: What are the regime measures in patients after thyroid surgery? Q3: What knowledge do the patients have about the regime measures after thyroid surgery? To obtain necessary data a semistructured interview method was used. To process this thesis a qualitative research was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were used as a technique for data collection. Categorization was compiled on the basis of interviews. A research survey was carried out in the surgical ward, where there are patients with thyroid disease. The research showed that the nurses are aware of care principles and they are sufficiently informed about treating a patient with thyroid disease. The interview showed the principles of nursing care, which should be followed throughout the whole period of hospitalization of patients with thyroid disease. In the interviews the nurses emphasized the differences in providing nursing care in a patient before and after thyroid surgery. Furthermore the research showed that nurses would be in favour of further training seminars that would deal with the given issue, about treating a patient with thyroid disease. Awarness and knowledge of the regime measures was also recognized in patients after thyroid surgery. Based on the data obtained from the interviews with patients, those report that their awareness and also knowledge of regime measures after thyroid surgery is minimal and insufficient. The result of the bachelor thesis was to determine the principles of care for patients with thyroid disease. Principles of nursing care were detected in patients before and after thyroid surgery. Furthermore, regime measures were identified in patients after thyroid surgery and also the knowledge of those regime measures in patients after thyroid disease. This bachelor thesis outlines the pecularities in nursing care of patiens with thyroid disease, policy of regime measures after a patient's discharge from hospital and keeping to those is among others a condition for early patients recovery and his return to a normal life. Based on the findings of the research and of available sources a flier will be created about the principles of nursing care for patients after thyroid surgery. The bachelor thesis will also serve as
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Education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of ear, nose, throat.
EKHARDTOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of this study was to uncover phenomena in the effective education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and to create a functional educational material, using elements of game therapy. The theoretical part contains information about the problems of hospitalized children, their perception of illness and hospitalization and brings facts about the negative reactions of children in this difficult period. This part of study describes the education of children at the hospital and introduces simple instructions how to communicate with the child. This part of study also describes the nurse's work at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat and describes the most frequent procedures with children at this department. Another part of this study is focused on the preoperative preparation and the last part of this study is focused on the gaming therapy. Following research questions were provided to achieve the main aims of this study: 1. How is the children education provided in the Department of ETH in the chosen hospital? 2. What kind of children's educational strategies is used at the pre-operative care at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the chosen hospital? 3. What are the effectiveness of educational strategies applied on the principle of game therapy? This research was based on qualitative survey. The research was divided into three parts. The results of the research are in the practical part of this study. Data were collected between December 2014 and March 2015 at the Otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec. The first part of the research was focused on interviews with the nurses. Interviews were semi-structured and contained eight questions. The second part of the research was focused on seven questions of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children's deputy. These two parts of the research was supplemented by direct structured observation focused on the children and children's deputy education at the hospital before the surgery. Due the working department management the direct structured observation was carried out at the moment of hospital admission because there is the education most extensive and the most important. Based on the results of the first two parts of the research of this study the new education materials were created and applied in the third part of the research of this study. One of the new created education materials was an electronic Power Point presentation used in hospital's tablets. The second new applied educational material was a Teddy Bear. The results of these interviews showed that the main source of information is mainly a doctor. The nurse completes the education. Interviewed nurses realize the importance of education for children and their parents. First, the education is carried out at the hospital Infimary Room based on verbal and individual way. Then the education is carried out in the Hospital Room or in the Surgery Room before the surgery if the patient's condition allows children can for example touch the respirator etc. The education is more focused on children's deputy. The big advantage for children is a fact, than they can be accompanied by their deputy. The children's deputy can stay till the child fall asleep before the surgery. The effectivity of the education is controlled by nurses. There is one alarming result of the survey. One of the nurses believes that non educated child feels just the same as educated. However, this result wasn't confirmed. There is only minimal occurrence of the game therapy at the department. Nurses express positive opinion about the education with occurrence of the game therapy but negative phenomenon of this strategy they find in the lack of the time. The observed fact is those interviewed deputies were very satisfied with the education in most of the cases. The practical part of this study is focused on application of educational material.
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Nursing care of the operation area before and after the operation
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Michaela
Theoretical outcomes The preparation of the operating field is an important part of all preoperative preparation. Preoperative preparation, before surgical intervention, cannot be neglected. In most cases, the doctor will not perform an operation without proper preoperative preparation. The only exception is urgent surgical intervention for which only the most basic preoperative preparation is provided. Preoperative preparation can be categorized as long-term, short-term, or immediate. A thorough and proper preparation of the operating field reduces any development of postoperative wound complications. The aim of thorough preoperative preparation of the operating field is to reduce any risk of developing postoperative wound complications. Postoperative care prevents postoperative complications. It is aimed at controlling the state of a patient's current health after surgical intervention, but also the surgical wound and its dressing. Both nurses and doctors are obliged to perform these controls. In the early postoperative period, the client stays in the ward or in the postoperative room. In the case of arising complications during surgical intervention, the client is moved to the ICU/ARO. The Aims of the Thesis The aim of the thesis is to map the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments, and to find the differences between preparation in the operating field before a scheduled and an urgent surgical intervention. Furthermore, the aim is to find out if nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care properly. The following questions were chosen: What are the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments? How do nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care of the operating field? Implemented methods In order to gain the desired information, a qualitative form of research was chosen, namely an in-depth interview method, a method of questioning, and an observational method. Observation was implemented using the hidden observation method. The respondents in the research were the nurses from the urology and the surgery departments at a hospital in Vysočina. Data collection was conducted from February to March, 2014. The acquired data was then analyzed through an open coding method. Results The subsequently transcribed interviews and observations were carefully analyzed using the 'pencil & paper' method and open coding. Eventually, five categories were created: preoperative preparation before a scheduled surgical intervention, preoperative preparation before an acute or urgent surgical intervention, preparation of the operating field, postoperative wound care, medical documentation. Conclusion The research suggests that nurses are well aware of the complete preoperative and postoperative care. What is, however, surprising is how adherence to the principles of barrier care and the client's intimity vary in the course of providing this care.The conclusions in this thesis should aim at an improvement of preoperative and postoperative care of a client and to eliminate any discovered shortcomings in the provided nursing care. The practical outcome of this thesis will be an article in a professional magazine for nurses.
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Nursing care for children with sculpture ears
MELNYKOVÁ, Milada
The name of the bachelor thesis is ?The Process of Nursing Children with Otoplasty?. Plastic surgery deals with operations of congenital and acquired defects and is concerned with post-operative and post-traumatic conditions. Plastic surgery includes aesthetic surgery, which still continues to grow in importance. The timing of a visit to a plastic surgeon depends on the defect type. Congenital cosmetic defects appear in the period of adolescence. Operations of prominent ears are the most common cosmetic operations. The operation can be carried out disregarding the age. Most often, schoolaged children and middle-aged people are interested. The costs of operation on children up to the 10 years of age are covered by the insurance company. The theoretical part deals with the description of plastic surgery, the history, the description of an operation, pre- and post-operative care and the child age development stage. It also concentrates on nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to identify the specifics of nursing care of children with otoplasty and the most common complications in relation to this operation. Three research questions were put forward. The research sample included children and their parents hospitalised in a child post-operative and post-traumatic ward. The research was based on semi-standardised interviews, observations and content analysis of documentation. All information was summarised in case studies, in accordance with Virginia Henderson model. In the second phase, the information was verified by means of a semi-standardised interview with a nurse based on interviews with children. The results have identified the most common complications relating to the operation of auricles. As far as postoperative care is concerned, nurses primarily monitor the pain and the patient?s general condition. Furthermore, it followed from the results that parents lacked comprehensive information on the operation. The specifics of care of children with otoplasty include wearing large compression bandage on the head and long-term application of an elastic headband. In consequence of the findings, a seminar for children wards will be held concerning the issues of nursing care of children with otoplasty, and a nursing plan has been worked out for such children.
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Women?s Awareness When Preparing for a Gynaecological Surgery
BICANOVÁ, Martina
When making decisions on future issues it is very important to be informed in all aspects. This applies to the health issues in particular. Being informed before every surgery on pre-operative procedure, the surgery in question and subsequent post-operative care is crucial for the patients? trust in us, medical staff. It is a communication between a health worker and a patient that is concluded with signing the informed consent. The theoretical part is focused on activities related to pre-operative care, activities related to post-operative care and communication between a health worker and a patient. The practical part is focused on the level of women?s awareness of pre- and post-operative care and activities related to them. A quantitative research method was selected in order to handle the issue and to ascertain the goals mentioned. The research was conducted using questionnaires that were anonymous. They had been designed for women undergoing a surgery at a gynaecological and obstetric department. Two goals and hypotheses related were stated. The goals of the thesis were to find out whether women are informed on pre- and post-operative care in case of a gynaecological surgery and to find out which sources women use to get the information on pre- and post-operative care. Both goals were met. Hypothesis 1 ?Most of information on pre-operative care was provided by a midwife? was not confirmed. The hypothesis 2 that most of information on post-operative care had been provided by a midwife was not confirmed, too. Hypothesis 3 ?Women search for the information on the Internet? was confirmed. This bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information and educational material for women who will undergo a planned surgery. An educational leaflet for women undergoing a gynaecological surgery is the result of the research.
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