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Bias correction of regional climate model outputs: statistical transformations of precipitation series from the climate model ALADIN in the project PERUN
Martínková, Marta
The outputs of regional climate models are biased. Regarding the bias correction of outputs from a climate model, the two fundamental approaches exist. First approach (e.g., Delta change method) gets the information on climate signal from comparison of the model control and future periods. Such information (change factor) is then applied to modify the observational data. Bias correction method gets the information on model bias from comparison of observational data and model outputs for the control period. The model outputs for future period are than corrected using this information on the model bias. This contribution is focused on the possibilities for bias correction of the model ALADIN (CNRM-ESM2-1) in the project PERUN and the precipitation series in daily time step for SSP5-8.5 scenario. Different statistical transformations are compared: methods based on statistical distribution, parametric transformations and non-parametric transformations (empirical quantiles method).\n
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Impacts of global climate change on lichens
Šubrtová, Tereza ; Malíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
Lichens, also known as lichenized fungi, are primarily known as excellent indicators of environmental change. Due to climate change, lichens are increasingly being studied for their indication and prediction of individual factors of global climate change. In the first part of this work, individual abiotic factors affecting lichens on a global scale are examined, to understand these factors in all possible environments. The next part of the work focuses on Europe and addresses the history of the development and future prediction of lichen distribution under the influence of climate change. The end of the work is focused on the territory of the Czech Republic and mentions the most affected species in our area. The study of global climate change on lichens is important not only for understanding the effects of environmental changes on organisms but also for proper prioritization of nature protection leading to a halt in the decline of species and their habitats.
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Compensation of Temperature Instability of the Received Signal Level of Microwave Links
Repa, Pavol ; Musil, Petr (referee) ; Bubniak, Milan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the field of microwave links. Specifically, it is concerned with compensating for the temperature instability of the received signal level of microwave links. This problem is solved according to the proposed algorithm, which can be used to suppress the temperature waveforms, and thus achieve better results in the calculation of collisions in the Telcorain software application. A compensation algorithm has been developed to compensate for microwave links with strong temperature dependence. By~compensating for these non-compliant microwave links, it was possible to reuse them in the calculation of the average rainfall intensity, and hence they were retained in~the~generation of the 2D rainfall maps. The compensation algorithm is implemented in the~Telcorain application, where the individual results of the precipitation calculation can be verified. Throughout the thesis, microwave joints from two manufacturers, each with a~different technology used, were analysed. Their comparison with each other is~the~focus of this thesis, in which the individual differences between these microwave links are published.
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Research on Methods for Quantifying Attenuation due to the Wet Antenna Effect
Skoumal, Vladimír ; Dvořák, Radim (referee) ; Bubniak, Milan (advisor)
The topic is the calculation of precipitation using commercial microwave links. Since current techniques in meteorology are not perfect, this way of measurement can be a suitable complement to meteorological instruments. One of the current problems is wet antenna attenuation. This is an excess attenuation that affects the final precipitation calculation. In the first part of the thesis, microwave connections are generally described, how they look, how they are put into operation and their important parameters. Furthermore, this section contains a theoretical analysis of precipitation, various types of measurement of this quantity, and a description of the possibilities of measuring precipitation using microwave links. An important theoretical part is the description of the methods for calculating the WAA or wet antenna attenuation, where the Schleiss, Leijnse and Pastorek methods are described. Furthermore, freely usable libraries are described in the work, which contain functions for calculations of precipitation using microwave links. The last theoretical part describes the Telcorain application, which is used to calculate precipitation at this work. The second part of this work contains the changes made in the code of the Telcorain application. It also contains a comparison of WAA methods for calculating precipitation as well as variously selected sets of microwave links for different rain events and development development of own method for WAA calculation.
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Possibilities of utilization of nitrogen compounds from liquid suspensions generated in waste management
Vajdíková, Tereza ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from biogas plant waste to produce a new usable product. In the theoretical part of the thesis, attention is paid to waste management from the perspective of biogas plants, the problem of nitrogen, and its removal. The thesis contains, among other things, theoretical calculations that include distribution and precipitation curves. The practical part deals with the correctness of these curves, as well as the precipitation of ammonium ions to form ammonium magnesium phosphate and stripping. The practical part includes quantitative and qualitative analyses of the individual components involved in precipitation. Nitrogen removal was performed on the model and real samples.
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Vliv vlhkosti půdy na hydrologickou odezvu povodí při různých srážkových úhrnech
TOMANOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis deals with the Influence of soil moisture on hydrological response of a catchment to precipitation. The study was conducted on the sub-basin of Jenínský stream in the monitored vegetation period for the years 2010 - 2013. The characteris-tics such as total precipitation, flow and soil volume moisture at different depths were monitored. The first part of this thesis contains a literature study that mentions soil moisture as one of the factors influencing the hydrological response of river drainage basins to precipitation. In the practical part, the thesis deals with the evaluation of measured precipitation totals and descriptive statistical values of flow and soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. The other section of the practical part deals with significant precipitation episodes and their impact of rain intensity on water runoff from the basin. The final objective is to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on surface runoff characteristics at different precipitation totals.
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Vliv vodních nádrží v povodí na odtokové charakteristiky při srážko-odtokových událostech
HOŘEJŠÍ, Štěpán
This bachelor thesis, written as literary research, is focused on one of the most im-portant functions of water reservoirs - water retention. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to show the way water bodies are able to affect the hydrograph during rain-fall-runoff events. The first part of the thesis is focused on water categorization and the hydrological cycle. The next part comprises a detailed description of water res-ervoirs. This includes a list of their key functions and specific types. The history of water reservoirs is also mentioned. The third part is reserved for rainfall-runoff events. Finally, factors affecting water runoff are discussed, followed by an expla-nation of how water bodies affect water regimes. In the end, the influence of water reservoirs on the size and shape of the hydrograph during rainfall-runoff events is described.
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Research methods of precipitation spatial and temporal distribution, their using and results in the Czech Republic
JINDROVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis has the character of a literature research, deals with the topic of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation and methods of their evaluation. It begins with a description of the formation of precipitation and their division. The next chapter is devoted to the factors that affect the distribution of precipitation and the course of precipitation. Following with a description of ground and distance methods of measuring precipitation. This thesis also deals with the analysis of time series and description of methods of spatial distribution of precipitation. With the help of expert articles and studies from the Czech Republic, several examples of different precipitation distributions are presented. At conclusion of this thesis is a comparison of the results of different methods.
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Comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream catchment.
VRZÁK, Zbyněk
This work deals with comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream. The locality is situated on the east of town Vyšší Brod in the southern part of Bohemia. Since the 80`s this small catchment is research area and in the year 2004 The Faculty of Agriculture has continued in this research in Jenínský stream catchment. The backgrounds for this work are data of hydrological year 2006 which are gained from continuous measuring and scanning in small catchment Jenín. There is a recurrency to generalize the precipitation impact which induce changes of discharges on the closing device in small catchment.
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Analysis of precipitation regime in Šumava Mountains
Šípek, Václav ; Zelíková, Nikol
The analysis is focused on the description of precipitation regime in the Šumava National Park in comparison with other mountain ranges in the Czech Republic. The period of interest comprised the years 2001-2019. The daily and monthly precipitation amounts were compared to the reference period covering the years of 1971-2000.
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