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Potravní neofobie u obratlovců: mezidruhová variabilita, její příčiny a důsledky
SEM, Lukáš
The thesis summarizes existing knowledge about the phenomenon of food neophobia in vertebrates. It describes interspecies and intraspecies differences in the level of food neophobia, looks for evolutionary and ecological factors that influence the level of food neophobia. It introduces the role of sociality in the induction and suppression of food neophobia.
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Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: An evolutionary perspective
Roberts, Kateřina ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Żelaźniewicz, Agnieszka (referee) ; Šebela, Antonín (referee)
The symptoms of nausea and vomiting are experienced by a majority of women during their pregnancy. Symptoms range from mild to severe, but even mild symptoms are connected with adverse effects on women's everyday life. Despite its significance, the aetiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is not fully understood. The first part of this thesis briefly summarises what is known about the predictors and mechanisms of NVP, including hormonal influences, pregnancy-related, demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Furthermore, this part focuses on NVP from an evolutionary perspective that, compared to the generally negative view, recognises that NVP has some positive effects on pregnancy outcomes. Different adaptive hypotheses of NVP are described, such as the maternal and embryo protection hypothesis and the compensatory growth hypothesis. The second part consists of five studies focusing on NVP and related topics. The first study focused on dietary and psychosocial correlates of NVP and found a relationship between the level of NVP symptoms and the consumption of milk products and alcohol and a relationship between NVP and stress, anxiety, fatigue and perceived partner support. The next three studies focused on various predictors of NVP and its relationship with disgust in pregnancy....
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Factors affecting formation and persistence of dietary aversions
Křístková, Barbora ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Taste aversion conditioning is a specific type of associative learning. Long delay between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is the main difference from classical learning. Trace conditioning is the most common type of conditioning, used in this type of learning. Conditioned stimulus is followed by unconditioned stimulus. Taste aversion is usually formed after one trial conditioning. Unconditioned stimulus may be nausea caused by a variety of chemicals. As an unconditioned stimulus may also be used nausea caused by radiation, forced or voluntary movement, rotation, ... The most commonly used unconditioned stimulus is lithium chloride. Food aversion was demonstrated in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Food aversion has not been demonstrated in amphibians.
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Factors affecting formation and persistence of dietary aversions
Křístková, Barbora ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Taste aversion conditioning is a specific type of associative learning. Long delay between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is the main difference from classical learning. Trace conditioning is the most common type of conditioning, used in this type of learning. Conditioned stimulus is followed by unconditioned stimulus. Taste aversion is usually formed after one trial conditioning. Unconditioned stimulus may be nausea caused by a variety of chemicals. As an unconditioned stimulus may also be used nausea caused by radiation, forced or voluntary movement, rotation, ... The most commonly used unconditioned stimulus is lithium chloride. Food aversion was demonstrated in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Food aversion has not been demonstrated in amphibians.
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