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Use of adrenergic receptor alpha2-agonists in pain treatment
Soláriková, Ivana ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Maršáková, Lenka (referee)
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists are adjuvant analgesics involved in the modulation and treatment of pain acting in the noradrenergic system. Binding of α2 agonists to receptors initiates a cascade of actions leading i.a. to antinociception. The most clinically applied analgesics of this type include clonidine, dexmedetomidine, and xylazine used in veterinary medicine. The ability to potentiate the effects of opioid and nonopioid analgesics and anesthetics leading to dose reduction is especially advantageous as it relieves unpleasant side effects associated with opioid use, and reduces the risk of tolerance development. They are effective in local anesthesia due to the peripheral site of action and do not cause characteristic, centrally mediated side effects of hemodynamic character. They are involved in the suppression of inflammatory response in the body by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite the wide range of action, α2 agonists appear to be safe in many different contraindications, such as sepsis, diabetes or pregnancy. Keywords: α2-adrenergic receptors, agonists, pain, analgesia, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, potentiation, adjuvant
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Adjectival networks. On the grammar of French denominal adjectives
Strnadová, Jana ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Radimský, Jan (referee) ; Namer, Fiammetta (referee)
in English This dissertation studies su xal derivation of adjectives from nouns in French. It is based on a lexicon of about 15, 000 adjectives, 40% of which may be considered deno- minal. I rst present the data under investigation. I describe the Dénom database, which was derived from large scale lexica. In order to assess the position of denominal adjectives in the more general adjectival system, I present a classi cation of French adjectives on the basis of their morphological properties. In the process, I spot cases where the fringes of the class of denominals are unclear, and question the distributional and semantic co- hesion of the class. I nally review di erent types of formal or semantic mismatches between the adjective and its base noun. In a second step, I present a study of the formal and semantic properties of a subset of denominal adjectives where the morphological relation between base and derivative is regular. This subset is selected on the basis of the type frequency of formal patterns of alternation between base and derivative. I describe the phonological and morpholo- gical properties of base nouns, with the aim of uncovering factors that play a role in the formation of adjectives. This leads to the observation of morphological niches, that is, cases where the presence of a...
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Use of adrenergic receptor alpha2-agonists in pain treatment
Soláriková, Ivana ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Maršáková, Lenka (referee)
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists are adjuvant analgesics involved in the modulation and treatment of pain acting in the noradrenergic system. Binding of α2 agonists to receptors initiates a cascade of actions leading i.a. to antinociception. The most clinically applied analgesics of this type include clonidine, dexmedetomidine, and xylazine used in veterinary medicine. The ability to potentiate the effects of opioid and nonopioid analgesics and anesthetics leading to dose reduction is especially advantageous as it relieves unpleasant side effects associated with opioid use, and reduces the risk of tolerance development. They are effective in local anesthesia due to the peripheral site of action and do not cause characteristic, centrally mediated side effects of hemodynamic character. They are involved in the suppression of inflammatory response in the body by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite the wide range of action, α2 agonists appear to be safe in many different contraindications, such as sepsis, diabetes or pregnancy. Keywords: α2-adrenergic receptors, agonists, pain, analgesia, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, potentiation, adjuvant
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