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Puppies and young dogs nutritions
Šabatová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Plachý, Vladimír (referee)
Puppies and young dogs nutritions Summary In this work I have attempted to summarize the most important aspects in nutrition of puppies and dogs in growth. The introduction describes the digestive tract and also the changes that have occurred due to domestication. Next is explained the importance of nutrition and water in nutritional requirements of a dog. Important are needs of nutrients and energy that are necessary to maintain the provision of the necessary vital functions. The basic components of food are proteins, saccharides, lipids, minerals and vitamins. I explain the necessary proportions, the amounts and the possible consequences of their lack in food. I focus on essential fatty acids, which in recent years are subject to frequent explorations and their pros and cons are not yet fully understood. I also mention ballast and significant specific active substances. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating females is often neglected, but for puppies it is a very crucial period. The influence of nutrition of pregnant females to the size and weight of newborn puppies has been proved. Further I deal with nutrition of puppies immediately after birth, I explain the composition of colostrum and its effect on the immunity system of the puppy. I also compare ratios of nutrients in the colostrum and milk. Further, I deal with the feeding of the individual at the time of weaning and in different growth periods. There are many possibilities of feeding puppies from after weaning until adulthood described in books. With the new knowledge about nutrition the ways of feeding our dogs have inevitably changed , but also the dogs' nutritional requirements have changed due to the conditions where and how they live and what their nutrient needs are according to their sport, breeding or other use. Currently, there is a possibility of a commercially produced complete nutritional diet or home-prepared fresh food - cooked or raw- barf. In the last chapter, I summarized possible aspects of malnutrition and its potential consequences. I described the most common problems associated with inadequate nutrition of growing dogs such as obesity as well as malnutrition, which also adversely affects the individual. The influence of proper nutrition of the puppy on its growth is clear. If we neglect the nutrition of the dog in the first two years of its life, the consequences are often irreversible.
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Nutrition of foals and young horses up to two years.
Morávek, Filip ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
The foal and young horse nutrition playing basic role during growing and development period. Nutrient composition in feeds is very important factor, which affects growing.
Nutrients, which are basically for correct growing young foals named proteins. The main focus of quality protein is amino acids composition. The first limiting amino acid for foal is lysine. The second one is threonine. The feeding rations which has support faster growing, has to be calculated way, than will include enough lysine and threonine. That fact will working only, if the limiting factor will not be energy.
Very important factor is playing sugars and fats, which are mainly the energy sources. For young foal is colostrum and milk important energetic source.
In case, when organism is over load by high quality protein (amino acids) and energy, has to be fed very carefully to avoid growing and developmental orthopedic disease (physitis, osteochondrosis, subchondral cysts, angular and flexural deformities).
For optima growth young horse are composition of minerals and vitamins. The major macro-elements are calcium and phosphorus. The optimal balance between these basic macro-elements are very important.
During proliferation of gastrointestinal foal tract is running growth of microbial population in large intestine. This population are responsible for fermentation of fibre. During this process arise volatile fatty acids, which are playing the major role of energy needs of foal.
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