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Forest vegetation in Eastern Elbe Basin in the mid-20th century and today
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This thesis describes the shift in vegetation of broadleaf forests in eastern part of the Elbe River Basin between 1958-1968 and 2011-2013. It emphasizes the understorey vegetation. From lowland woodlands in other temperate regions in Europe and North America changes towards eutrophic and mesophytic vegetation are documented, specifically driven by changes in forest management and by atmospheric depositions; in some localities the game impact can be also important. The data were obtained by sampling 190 typological semi-permanent plots, which were precisely located - in 43% the original soil pit was found. The vegetation on study sites shifted towards nutrient-demanding, shade- adapted species, it was partly ruderalized. These changes can be seen on the level of species and communities as well as on phytosociological level. Increase of soil pH and moisture was discovered using Ellenberg indicator values. The number of seedlings and cover of shrubs also increased significantly. Homogenization of sites was significant as well although total number of species and alpha- diversity remained unchanged. These changes are probably caused by changes in forest management and by atmospheric depositions of nitrogen. On subset of plots in game-preserves the vegetation also demonstrated eutrophication but no increase in...
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Forest vegetation in Eastern Elbe Basin in the mid-20th century and today
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This thesis describes the shift in vegetation of broadleaf forests in eastern part of the Elbe River Basin between 1958-1968 and 2011-2013. It emphasizes the understorey vegetation. From lowland woodlands in other temperate regions in Europe and North America changes towards eutrophic and mesophytic vegetation are documented, specifically driven by changes in forest management and by atmospheric depositions; in some localities the game impact can be also important. The data were obtained by sampling 190 typological semi-permanent plots, which were precisely located - in 43% the original soil pit was found. The vegetation on study sites shifted towards nutrient-demanding, shade- adapted species, it was partly ruderalized. These changes can be seen on the level of species and communities as well as on phytosociological level. Increase of soil pH and moisture was discovered using Ellenberg indicator values. The number of seedlings and cover of shrubs also increased significantly. Homogenization of sites was significant as well although total number of species and alpha- diversity remained unchanged. These changes are probably caused by changes in forest management and by atmospheric depositions of nitrogen. On subset of plots in game-preserves the vegetation also demonstrated eutrophication but no increase in...
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Long-term changes of forest vegetation - the comparison of present species composition and biodiversity with the historical records
Vojík, Martin ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents the results of the research of the long term changes in semi-natural vegetation of lowland woodlands in the forest district Klínec (phytogeographical district Střední Povltaví, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic), which is located between the northeastern part of the Brdy Highlands (Hřebeny) and the Vltava River valley. Research of the long term changes over the past nearly 60 years was conducted by resampling vegetation on semi-permanent plots. Old relevés by V. Samek (1957), which were provided by the Czech National Phytosociological database, were used as reference data. Twenty-nine relevés were resampled, which were located using old data and GIS. The shift to shady plant communities (loss of heliophilous and expansion of shade-tolerant species) was found in the study area caused by higher canopy of tree and shrub layer due to the expansion of deciduous trees. Species richness (alpha diversity) was significantly declined. Homogenization of the vegetation was not significantly demonstrated in study area. Species of nutrient-rich habitats as well as alien and invasive species were expanded and fewer red list species of vascular plants was found. Vegetation change in the area was probably most affected by the change in forest management in lowland woodlands (decline of coppicing), eutrophication (deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere, runoff from agricultural land) and the effect of forest animals especially wild boars.
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