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Formation and use of agentiv nouns in contemporary czech and polish language
Plasová, Anna ; Rusin Dybalska, Renata (advisor) ; Benešová, Michala (referee)
This thesis focusses on the issue of feminine gender agentive nouns formation and use in contemporary Polish, with respect to analogical phenomena in Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis sketches the form and the manner of derivation of the feminine counterparts of agentive nouns, subsequently analysing their socio- political implications (the opposition between masculine and feminine gender, various views concerning the asymmetry in their usage). In contemporary Polish, two antagonistic trends can be delineated, one tabooing and blocking the derived forms, the other, on the contrary, upholding and promoting them. In general, feminine forms are widely used for designations of jobs with lower social prestige; conversely, with respect to professions and honorifics viewed as prestigious, feminization is sparse, and, outside the feminist coterie, viewed as unnatural, inappropriate, even belittling. There are also quite a few nouns that undergo derivation only selectively. This state of affairs is evaluated as substantially different from that in Czech, a language in which feminization is common and normally unmarked. The practical part contains a research carried out on a corpus of texts from the Polish daily newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza from 2006; 18 problematic feminine gender agentive nouns were...
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How to count pluralia tantum in Polish
Plasová, Anna ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Křivan, Jan (referee)
Among Polish nouns, pluralia tantum-i.e. nouns that lack a singular form-form a distinct group, especially in terms of the specific requirements that the language standard places on their quantifiers: they must be quantified using a special type of numerals, so-called collective numerals. However, since collective numerals are used only rarely, native speakers are not well-acquainted with their inflectional paradigm; this leads to various compensatory strategies which speakers resort to in order to avoid these problematic numerals, replacing them with analytic constructions (e.g. dwie pary wrót instead of dwoje wrót). In the first part of the thesis, the author reviews what is currently known about quantification patterns of Polish pluralia tantum, drawing mostly on articles by Polish linguists Zygmunt Saloni and Anna Andrejczuk. In the second, experimental part, the author explores data extracted from the National Corpus of the Polish Language, aiming to uncover the strategies of pluralia tantum quantification actually employed by speakers of Polish. Apart from periphrastic constructions, she finds that cardinal numerals are also frequently used, which directly contradicts the language standard. Though the standard may require it, the usage frequency of collective numerals seems to be on the...
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How to count pluralia tantum in Polish
Plasová, Anna ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Křivan, Jan (referee)
Among Polish nouns, pluralia tantum-i.e. nouns that lack a singular form-form a distinct group, especially in terms of the specific requirements that the language standard places on their quantifiers: they must be quantified using a special type of numerals, so-called collective numerals. However, since collective numerals are used only rarely, native speakers are not well-acquainted with their inflectional paradigm; this leads to various compensatory strategies which speakers resort to in order to avoid these problematic numerals, replacing them with analytic constructions (e.g. dwie pary wrót instead of dwoje wrót). In the first part of the thesis, the author reviews what is currently known about quantification patterns of Polish pluralia tantum, drawing mostly on articles by Polish linguists Zygmunt Saloni and Anna Andrejczuk. In the second, experimental part, the author explores data extracted from the National Corpus of the Polish Language, aiming to uncover the strategies of pluralia tantum quantification actually employed by speakers of Polish. Apart from periphrastic constructions, she finds that cardinal numerals are also frequently used, which directly contradicts the language standard. Though the standard may require it, the usage frequency of collective numerals seems to be on the...
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Formation and use of agentiv nouns in contemporary czech and polish language
Plasová, Anna ; Rusin Dybalska, Renata (advisor) ; Benešová, Michala (referee)
This thesis focusses on the issue of feminine gender agentive nouns formation and use in contemporary Polish, with respect to analogical phenomena in Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis sketches the form and the manner of derivation of the feminine counterparts of agentive nouns, subsequently analysing their socio- political implications (the opposition between masculine and feminine gender, various views concerning the asymmetry in their usage). In contemporary Polish, two antagonistic trends can be delineated, one tabooing and blocking the derived forms, the other, on the contrary, upholding and promoting them. In general, feminine forms are widely used for designations of jobs with lower social prestige; conversely, with respect to professions and honorifics viewed as prestigious, feminization is sparse, and, outside the feminist coterie, viewed as unnatural, inappropriate, even belittling. There are also quite a few nouns that undergo derivation only selectively. This state of affairs is evaluated as substantially different from that in Czech, a language in which feminization is common and normally unmarked. The practical part contains a research carried out on a corpus of texts from the Polish daily newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza from 2006; 18 problematic feminine gender agentive nouns were...
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The Phenomenon of a Jew in Polish and Czech Language and in Polish and Czech Jewish Anecdotes in the Context of Literature of the First Half 20th Century
BALÍK, Štěpán
To describe the phenomenon of a Jew in Czech and Polish language and Czech and Polish Jewish anecdotes in both national literatures I apply the tools of cognitive linguistics. I am depicting the stereotype of a Jew according to three crucial oppositions on which my theoretical framework is based. The world of ?us? is positive, characterized as a human, useful and catholic one. The world of ?them? is negative, depicted as animal, redundant and non-catholic one. Vocabulary (especially idiomatic expressions) and examples quoted from literary fiction (especially Jewish anecdotes), which are connected to the inner and outer picture of a Jew, show an ethnic stereotype in a Polish and Czech naive linguistic picture of the world. In a comparative view, the differences and parallels between Polish and Czech perspective are more evident. To stress my conclusions, I use demographic, cultural and historical data as well as examples in literature which are closely linked. However, I intend neither to describe the development of the vocabulary nor to summarize dictionary meanings; I am focusing on shifts in pictures of Jews (partly in comparison with picture of the Romany). Examples which are taken out of dictionaries, secondary literature and fiction are ? if possible ? verified by contemporary memory, e. g. the memory of present Czech and Polish people in this field. I will not use the term ?antisemitism?, which is often used in a secondary literature, instead, inspired by both cognitive linguistics and ethnology I use ?ethnocentrism?.
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