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Passive dispersal of land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with focus on endodispersion via birds
Simonová, Jasna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The ability of land snail active dispersal is very limited. Despite that, they have colonized even very isolated habitats and some species are able to disperse relatively fast on continental scale. This used to be explained by passive dispersal, especially via birds. Land snails could be transported on bird's body (ectodispersion) as well as inside their digestive tract (endodispersion), but the direct evidence of these processes has been more likely anecdotal. A review concerning passive dispersal of land snails via birds with focus on endodispersion is presented in this bachelor thesis. The methodological aspects of experimental studies, including relevant insights of other organism's endodispersion studies, are discussed. Selected traits of land snails and their avian vectors which can affect success of endodispersion are also discussed.
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Molluscs of the Džbán Region (Central and Northern Bohemia; Czech Republic) and Their Use For a Local Indetification Guide
Hronová, Hana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with malacological research of selected forest localities in the natural park Džbán (Central Bohemia). The goal of this work is to molluscan explore composition in target area and compare results with the research of Dr. Vojen Ložek from years 1947-2010. His collections, which are deposited in the Repository of the National Museum in Prague - Horní Počernice, were processed in detail for this purpose. Obtained results enabled evaluation of changes in researched localities and the impact of such changes on composition of malacocenoses over the years. Standard malacological research was performed in selected localities of Džbán area. At 20 forest stations, we applied the method of soil samples, at 1 wetland locality we applied a method of wet washout. Collected material was further processed, determined and assessed. Altogether, 65 species of mollusc were found in selected area. Place called Cikánský dolík was chosen for the didactic part of this diploma thesis, which means a proposal for field trip of natural science. Such provided instruction is suitable for pupils from the 2nd level of basic schools. After adjustment, it can be used for younger pupils or older students. A guide containing 25 species of terrestrial snails of Džbán area was created as an aid. This guide...
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Larval Stages of Flukes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda) in Secondary School Education
Šulcová, Hana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Podroužková, Štěpánka (referee)
The parasites are one of the most important factors that shape relationships in the nature. This thesis deals mainly with developmental stages of trematodes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda), especially the cercariae of so-called Schistosomes and sporocysts of Leucochloridium paradoxum, as well as with and their intermediate host - freshwater snails. Introductory chapters are focused on general introduction into the topic, such as basic terminology or occurrence issue of trematodes (mainly schistosomes) in the world and in the Czech Republic. In order to determine larval stages of flukes and their morphological types, the research was conducted in four Prague localities with known presence of aquatic snails. Only in one site, Kunratická tůň Pond, the constant presence of echinostomous cercariae (and in lesser extent also furcocercariae) in Radix labiata was recorded during summer season of 2015. In small pond in the Botanical Garden of the Natural Sciences Faculty of Charles University and in Modřanské tůně Ponds, xiphidocercarie in Lymnaea stagnalis were found. No cercarie were detected in the pond in the Genetic garden of Charles University. The presence of Leucochloridium paradoxum in the European Amber Snail Succinea putris was confirmed in the vicinity of Modřanské tůně Ponds. The verified...
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Morphology and reproduction parameters of Achatinidae (Gastropoda)
BUNDOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor thesis deals with aspects of breeding of gastropods of the family Achatinidae. The thesis contains basic information about the family Achatinidae and the overview of the gastropods of the family Achatinidae in the Czech Republic. There is a problem of reproduction of terrestrial gastropod mollusks and Achatinidae land snail. In the practical part, data were collected from the breeders of these gastropods. There was the determination of the basic morphological parameters of the sexually mature land snail and the size of the clutches, which were compared among the specified species. The processed results show that the larger the individual's shell, the greater the number and the volume of the eggs in the clutch. With the increasing number of eggs in the clutch, the volume of eggs decreased.
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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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Life around the water and in the water, five environmental programs for kindergarten
KREJČOVÁ, Hana
Krejčová Hana 2014: Life around the water and in the water, five environmental programs for kindergarten. Bachelor thesis. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 63 pp. My bachelor thesis contains practical elaboration of five environmental programs for kindergartens. Main theme is life of animal around the water and in the water. I have chosen these themes: "Snails", "Insects", "Fishes", "Frogs", "Lizards and Snakes." Bachelor thesis contains beside practical part also theoretical part focused on pedagogy and natural science. Theoretical part is way-out for practical elaboration of all activities included in the submitted programs. My bachelor thesis also contains a discussion about suitability of form and content of the suggested environmental programs according to experiences of kindergarten teachers. Respondents have been asked by on-line questionnaire.
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Syntéza poznatků o stavu biodiverzity travních porostů v CHKO Bílé Karpaty s cílem vytvoření metodiky pro zachování biodiverzity tohoto ekosystému
Správa CHKO Bílé Karpaty, Luhačovice ; Ústav botaniky a zoologie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita, Brno ; Katedra geoinformatiky, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci ; Český svaz ochránců přírody, základní organizace 58/06 Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou ; Jongepierová, Ivana
Bělokarpatské louky hostí pestrá společenstva rostlin a živočichů, jejichž diverzitu podmiňuje pestrost podloží, místní klima a různé způsoby obhospodařování. Základním předpokladem nastavení vhodného managementu pro tato společenstva je znalost aktuálního rozšíření druhů rostlin a živočichů. Analýza nálezových dat suchozemských plžů. Srovnávací studie biodiverzity Bílých Karpat, Pálavy a Podyjí. Časoprostorové analýzy fragmentace vybraných lučních lokalit. Srovnání Bílých Karpat, soutoku Moravy a Dyje a Podyjí z hlediska alfa, beta a gama diverzity. Vliv ponechaných nekosených pásů na skladbu lučních společenstev. Ukládání dat do databáze BKFLORA. Vyhodnocování vlivu seče na společenstva vybraných skupin bezobratlých živočichů. Osvětová práce realizovaná přípravou příručky.
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Gastropods of NR Oheb.
KADAVÁ, Jana
This work was the processing of existing data from Culek, Brabenec and Juřičková. Mapping of a semiquantitative abundances of gastropods in Oheb Nature Reserve, as well as developing a list of species inventory and assessment of their habitat preferences, particularly with reference to a particular forest type. Regular monitoring helps in assessing the status and trends of populations and the entire reservation.
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