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Leisure Time Activities and Workload of Primary School Teachers
ŠVORCOVÁ, Šárka
This diploma thesis focuses on free time activities of elementary school teachers in relation with their perception of workload. In the theoretical part the teacher's characteristics are mentioned, but it primarily focuses on workload and teachers' free time activities. The topics are seen through multiple points of view. Different segments of workload and types of free time are presented. Empirical part is elaborated using in-depth interview with chosen elementary school teachers. The main goal of this research was to uncover, how much the workload influences teachers' spending of their free time and how are they coping with the workload. Participants of this research are coping with the workload well and they are spending their free doing activities completely different from their profession. Most mentioned activities were physical activities, manual labor and sport.
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Comparison of nursing care about patients with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The number of patients with kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Such diseases include chronic kidney failure that needs dialysis treatment. Problems associated with providing nursing care to patients in a dialysis program are extensive and specific. Starting the treatment with a peritoneal dialysis or a haemodialysis causes a great psychological burden to patients. It noticeably affects not only patients' lives but also lives of their family and friends. Patients in the regular dialysis program are facing many health and social problems. Mutual trust between a nurse and a patient on dialysis to a certain extent influences the course of the treatment. Balanced and satisfied patient can live a better and more valuable life. The goals of the thesis: 1) To determine whether a comparably high quality nursing care is provided to patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis 2) To determine whether the approach to the provision of nursing care to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is comparable. 3) To determine whether comparable forms of education and communication are used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Research questions: 1) Is the nursing care provided to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis of comparable quality? 2) A the approach to the provision of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis comparable? 3) Are comparable forms of education and communication used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Methods used: In the empirical part of the thesis a qualitative research was used to process data. The research was conducted through a non-standardized interview. Three sets of questions were created for the three groups of respondents, i.e. the respondents with peritoneal dialysis, respondents with haemodialysis and nurses who take care of patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The criterion for the selection of respondents was their willingness to cooperate. The nature and purpose of the research was explained to the addressed respondents. From the interviews with patients it was determined how they perceive the provided nursing care, the nurses' approach, and the way of interaction during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Interviews with nurses were focused on comparability and demands of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, as well as on the used forms of communication and the way how to approach these patients. Results: The results of the research show that the care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis as well as with haemodialysis is perceived by the responding patients with peritoneal dialysis, with haemodialysis and nurses as of the same quality. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis each have their specificities and a different way of execution. Both are provided in differing environments. Peritoneal dialysis is done by the patient himself in their own social environment. During haemodialysis, nursing care is provided to the patient by nurses in a haemodialysis centre. As comparable is perceived by all respondents the nurses' approach to the patients, i.e. to each patient individually. In conclusion, the results imply that nurses during the contact with the patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis use comparable forms of communication and education. Conclusion: At the present time there is an attempt to perform dialysis treatment to benefit the patient as much as possible. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are considered as equivalent substitute for renal function. They differ only in the principle and the method of executing. Nursing care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis is perceived by the respondents as of comparable quality. The results of this thesis can be the basis for further research.
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Attitude toward death and psychical stress of nurses at work stations with an increased risk of death.
VONEŠOVÁ, Petra
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of dying and death within the job of a nurse. Nurses very often see dying and death. Death rate also depends on type of the ward. A healthy person usually does not think about death, but being ill one is uncertain and starts to ask many questions, which may also include questions about dying and death. Meeting a dying person is psychically demanding for the medical staff as well as for the family, friends and the dearest. The medical workers are expected to be professional and empathic. It is a question if the nurses are prepared to face the death and if they can cope with the physical and psychical stress. Long-term excessive psychical stress may result in numerous diseases. A nurse must know how to avoid such negative impacts. The theoretic part of the thesis describes the present status, explains specificities of palliative treatment within intensive care, within care for chronically ill patients and in paediatrics, it specifies attitudes and their functions in connection with difficult life situations. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with psychical stress imposed on nurses in connection with dying and rules of communication in a multi-disciplinary team within palliative care. There are four objectives of the thesis. The first objective is to find out whether nurses feel ready to meet death after finishing qualification studies. Another objective is to find out whether death rate in the workplace affects psychical stress imposed on the nurses and their attitude to death. The third objective is to find out whether the nurses think that the information and experience gained during studies affected their attitude to death and professional skills of care for dying patients. The research part made use of quantitative research. Data collection was made through anonymous questionnaires. Respondents answered 35 questions. Out of that, 17 questions were closed and 18 questions were semi-closed. The research survey was completed with statistical survey. Nurses, who work in wards with higher risk of death, were contacted. We have made up four hypotheses. H1: Nurses? attitude to death depends on the level of education was not confirmed. The results of research and statistic survey showed that there is no difference in attitude in connection with the level of education reached. H2: Nurses? attitude to death depends on experience with death in personal life was not confirmed either. The respondents? answer showed that their attitude to death is mostly influences by experienced acquired in practice. H3: Death rate reduces psychical stress of nurses, was confimed. The respondents said they had still the same feelings and at most they answered that they did not feel anything, or they did not think about their feelings and they consider the death to be a part of their occupation. H4: Subjective readiness of nurses to meet death does not depend on finishing of qualification studies, but it depends on exeprience acquired in practice. The last hypothesis was confirmed by research and statistic survey, as well. The research and tests of hypothesis have revealed that sufficient attention has not been paid to the issue of care for dying patients within studies. Nurses acquire their experience mostly in practice. Furthermore, the survey showed that it is an important thing to teach the nurses to communicate effectively and to feel empathy. The conclusion, that nurses are more stressed with conflicts at the workplace, bad inter-personnel relationships, low wages than with care for dying patients, is alarming . Thus the labour force is wasted unnecessarily and it is obvious that the occupation of a nurse has not been appreciated properly, yet. Such factors influence quality of the work done and may cause the burn-out syndrome.
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Assessment of physical distress of staff nurses in intensive care units
MAŠÁTOVÁ, Milada
In this thesis, we focused on physical load evaluation of nurses working at intensive care units. Physical load is an integral part of nurses' everyday work. The work of the nurses in these wards is a very physically demanding one, as there is a risk or actual single or multiple organ systems failure in the hospitalized patients. This thesis describes the basic negative results of physical load, its aim was to determine the physical load at individual intensive care units. The theoretic part focuses on overall characteristics of ICU, movement system anatomy, ergonomics, working environment risks and excessive physical load consequences. Practical part includes quantitative research using a questionnaire to confirm the presumed hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The nurses working at ICU are subject to higher physical load than nurses in standard care unit Hypothesis 2: The most common manifestation of nurses? physical load is back-pain Hypothesis 3: In ICU, there are tools helping with immobile patient manipulation Altogether, we distributed 200 questionnaires to the nurses at ICU in 3 hospitals in southern part of the Czech Republic - České Budějovice, Český Krumlov a Prachatice. We recovered 183 questionnaires (91, 5 %). After the processing, we analyzed 171 completely filled questionnaires (85, 5 %). The questionnaire research results have been interpreted and charted into graphs and tables. All the 3 hypotheses were confirmed. Further, we found out that nurses do not care about prevention of illnesses possibly resulting from high physical load. The theses results should help in increasing the nurses? awareness, I suggest its integration into human back school program.
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The Evaluation of physical demands associated with postal workers
SUCHANOVÁ, Markéta
Evaluation of physical burden on selected professions at the post office The current trend of working conditions tends to reduce the proportion of physically demanding work, but leads to an increased psychological stress in staff members. However, there are professions, such as those involved in postal services, that are still exposed to considerable physical burden. This thesis provides a basic view of health consequences of excessive physical load and manual handling of burdens, it describes specifics of the postman / postwoman profession, specifics in the staff members working in interior post services and those who work at postal counters in terms of physical burden. The objective of this thesis was to survey the physical burden connected with manual load handling at the post office in Jindrichuv Hradec. The thesis also aims at finding out rehabilitation possibilities for post office staff and proposing ways how to improve the current situation. A questionnaire enquiring about post office staff members´ awareness of musculoskeletal diseases prevention, evaluation of their own health condition and symptoms of fatique caused by physical activity, is a crucial component of my thesis. The results of the questionnaire survey were analyzed and reported in graphs and tables. Measurements of weight and cumulative weight of manually manipulated loads and the workers´ heart rate before and after the physical stress were carried out. I have found that postmen and postwomen and interior post services staff are exposed to great physical strain and frequent handling heavy loads, that in some cases exceed hygienic limits. It was also found that 65% of post office staff were not aware of the claim on financial contribution to rehabilitation massage. The hypotheses stated were confirmed. 1. Post office staff members are exposed to excessive physical strain while handling heavy load 2. The level of post office workers{\crq} knowledge on musculoskeletal disorders prevention is not sufficient. I suggest mechanization, use of mechanical devices and removal of architectural barriers to be introduced. Furthermore, I suggest to include training to handle loads in a correct way to prevent back disorders.
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