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Fingerprinting - Past, Present and Future
Janotová, Martina ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
1 Abstract Fingerprinting - Past, Present and Future The objective of the presented diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of findings in fingerprints area. Fingerprinting is a unique method enabling quick, inexpensive and reliable personal identification. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the presented issue, fingerprint reputation as ever-changing and continuously developing method is put into contrast with its contradictions and current problems. The first part of the thesis describes roots and genesis of the method from its beginnings in ancient realms up to date. The process of shaping of the knowledge in the field of fingerprints into a science is presented through the works of the most prominent fingerprints personalities. Despite the difficult beginnings, fingerprints finally reached the position of trustworthy and respectful area of forensic science. Due to that; the historical part follows the journey of fingerprints evidence into the police investigation and court rooms. Final point brings an attention to the establishment of fingerprinting in Czech criminal investigation. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the practical aspect of fingerprints expertise. To provide a deep level of understanding, particular role of fingerprints in criminal investigations and its...
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Personal dactyloscopy {--} its legal and social aspects
MIKLOŠ, Petr
This diploma thesis is focused on criminalistic dactyloscopy, one of many methods of personal identification by fingerprints used in criminalistic praxis. However, this activity involves interventions and restrictions of human rights of persons being dactyloscoped. The areas affected are mainly personal data protection, human dignity and freedom and personal security rights. Thus this procedure has to be legal, reasonable and legitimate. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete description of historical development, possible uses and legal framework of criminalistic dactyloscopy. Closely connected to this topic are definitions of several conceptions. The basis of this work lies in an evaluation and comparison of the state of dactyloscopic identification prior to 1990. It also notes the changes occurring after this date and changes connected with the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union. The aim of this work is to provide the reader or any person interested in this topic with basics of procedures of dactyloscopic analysis and a list of related books for additional information. Resulting from these aims of this work and from the study of professional literature, following hypotheses were established: There was insufficient legal protection of dactyloscoped subjects prior to 1990. After 1990, a gradual development of legal system created conditions of adequate human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Both hypotheses were confirmed by professional literature and legal regulations, mainly Law No. 40/1974 (on the former police functioning), International Pact of Civil and Political Rights as stated in the Law No. 120/1976 Coll., Law No. 283/1991 Coll. (on the Police of Czech Republic) within the meaning of later regulations, Law No. 101/2000 (on personal data protection) and further legal norms. The concept of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete overview of criminalistic dactyloscopy and a basic sketch of the development of human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Its readers can compare current situation with historical development. It should give them a wider understanding of this topic with the aim of orientating the readers in basic law regulations and providing them with a list of extra resources.
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