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Effect of mowing technique on the quality of cutting, condition and composition of grassland
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of this work is to assess the influence of mowing technology on mowing height, mowing uniformity, cut quality and botanical composition of grasslands. To achieve these goals, two meadows were selected in the cadastral territory of Bukvice near Trhové Sviny in 2022. The first selected meadow was mowed with a rotary disc mower. The second selected meadow was mowed with a rotary drum mower. The botanical composition was recorded for all monitored meadows, and the water and nutrient regime was determined. Before mowing, the condition of the mowing mechanisms, the set mowing height and the condition of the mowing blades were monitored. After cutting, the actual height and uniformity of the stubble, biomass production, and the amount of remaining uncut biomass were monitored. The quality of the cut was evaluated.
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Vyhodnocení bilance živin (N, P, K, Ca a Mg) v ekologickém podniku hospodařícím na trvalých travních porostech
Ščambura, Maxmilián
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrient balance in an organic farm on permanent grasslands with dairy and beef cattle and sheep. Relationships between soil, plants, and farmed animals were observed, followed by an evaluation of whether the ecosystem (soil) was depleted or enriched with the observed nutrients. In the overall balance in the monitored year 2019, it turned out that only magnesium enters to the company in a larger amount, the entering of phosphorus is equal to zero. Residual nitrogen, potassium, and calcium are in loss figures. Imports of nutrients into the system consisted of purchases of nuclear feed, straw and mineral licks. Sales of milk and animals for slaughter contributed the most to the export of nutrients. In the monitored period, the loss of nitrogen without taking into account the fixation of air N and atmospheric fallout -25 kg per hectare was monitored. That is the lowest amount of nutrients supplied to the company. The largest surplus was found for magnesium, +3 kg per hectare. Neither in the loss nor in the excess was the value observed for phosphorus, which is equal to zero. The total loss of calcium is -9 kg per hectare and of potassium -3 kg per hectare.
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Možnosti využití travních porostů v rámci agrolesnictví
Macek, Libor
The bachelor's thesis deals with the use of grasslands with a focus on grasses and clover in agroforestry systems. The first part describes the agroforestry itself – its characteristics and significance. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on woody plants suitable for agroforestry systems, especially in the conditions of Central Europ, as well as on their production and non-production functions. The most suitable representatives are for example, walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), but also less economically used representatives, such as cherry (Prunus) or rowan (Sorbus). At the same time, agroforestry is divided into certain units, which are characterized by their functions, both in the tropics and in Europe. The most typical systems in Europe are mainly silvopastoral systems, but also increasingly used alley cropping on arable land. The second part describes various agroforestry systems using grasslands as well as practical examples of functioning systems in different climate zones. Attention is also paid to individual members of the family Poaceae and Fabaceae suitable for their characteristic properties in these systems. The most important for shading appear to be tolerant representatives such as Agrostis stolonifera L. or Festuca arundinacea Schreb. from the Poaceae family or Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from the Fabaceae family. Possible interactions related to the coexistence of woody plants, grasses and clover, such as competition and allelopathy, are also not neglected.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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The presentation of Lathyrus pratensis L. in different types of grass stands
BÁRTA, Pavel
In the years 2007 to 2008 the occurence and domination of the meadow peavine was studied in the foothills of Sumava (Kaplice-Velký Chuchelec and Rožnov) in the elevation of 580-650 m above sea level and in the area of Českobudějovická pánev (Kozina u Závrat in the elevation of 390-510 m). The use of the meadow peavine in various types of areas and diverse methods of employment and maintenance were studied. Also performed was the analysis of environmental conditions, phytocenological analysis of grass areas and the evaluation of employment of the meadow peavine in various typologicaly different grass areas. In the locality of Velký Chuchelec there were taken pods with seeds of meadow peavine which, after proper shelling and drying, were subject to analysis of germination in containers for experiments in regards to possibilities of introducing the meadow peavine into fodder crops. In the year 2007 to 2008, in the area of Kozina u Závrat the assesment of the occurence and degree of assault of the meadow peavine with regards to the downgrade in the quality of the fodder of this species during the assault of this patogen was studied.
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The influence of climbing legumes on presence of valuable and weedy species in permanent grasslands
HRAŠE, David
Permanent grassland is a complex of legumes, herbs, and grasses. They are an important plant component of the biosphere. They provide wide range of productive and non-productive functions. Climbing legumes are valuable species in grasslands. They are involved in higher quality of fresh matter and hay. The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the influence of climbing legumes on the presence and coverage of other higher plant species in grassland, the height and productivity of vegetation in selected localities in the Prachatice district in 2017. The occurrence of legumes (climbing and non-climbing) has a significant impact on other species in the grassland community. The reason is the ability to fix aerial nitrogen and support grass species that require a good nitrogen supply. The obtained data were statistically processed.
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The influence of organic fertilisation on botanical composition, diversity and fodder characteristics of permanent grasslands
KINCL, Petr
In connection with the growing area of permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic, their productive and, above all, non-productive importance is at the forefront. In addition to forage production, meadow stands represent an important component of the environment in terms of biodiversity conservation. The aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor the influence of organic fertilization on land in the cadastral of Cekov and Kařez. Observations were carried out on unheated and organically fertilized localities in 2017. Higher botanical diversity showed unheated land, where the herbal component and clover predominated. There was a higher proportion of grass on the fertilized land. In terms of grassland quality, fertilized plots were best assessed. The data analyzed were statistically evaluated.
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Influence of water regime on growth and quality of selected grass species
BÁRTA, Ondřej
This thesis describes the importance and use of permanent grasslands, or more so-called energy grasses used in the energy sector. For our study we examined these three grasses: Ovsík vyvýšený (Arrhenatherum elatius), Sveřep horský (Bromus carharticus) and Bojínek luční (Phleum pratense). Another, the main task was to determine their resistance to drought. The results based on laboratory work, which between them compared the two variants. One was simulated normal emergence of the species and the second emergence stressed by lack of water. Based on these results, we conclude that we can not say that it would be a downright drought-resistant types. For the two studied species of grasses (Bojínek and Ovsík) are obvious differences in resistance to drought. Sveřep horský (variety - Tacit), however, proved to be the most drought-resistant species. While most sprouted out bojínek luční (variety - Sobol).
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Biological characteristics and coverage of Anthriscus sylvestris and Achillea millefolim in permanent grasslands
ZAVÁZALOVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis is focused on the problems connected with grasslands, their division, functions, farming, exploitation and environmental factors which influence the composition of vegetation and forage quality. It also deals with the composition of permant grasslands and their types. One separate chapter is devoted to the importance of herbs in grasslands and there are also stated examples of herbal mixtures. The main goal of this work is to describe the issue concerning milfoil (Achillea millefolium L.) and chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris L.), their biology, ecology and involvement in different types of grasslands. Individual chapters which are dedicated to each specific herb are always preceded by description of their families, their significance and application. Following chapters are about geographical spread and inventory of kinds of these specific herbs (chervil and milfoil), their description, morphology, ecology, cenologiii, forage quality, significance and application in grasslands. In the second part to supplement the findings of research on presence of milfoil and chervil there are written results of my own observation (charts and graphs) showing the projective dominance of milfoil and chervil in different types of grasslands with different farming and their height achieved in different periods of time. The charts and graphs show species composition and projective dominance of grasses, legumes and other herbs including their height at the highest achieved arithmetic average of vegetation height.
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