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Utilization of biomass for the energy purposes
Romanová, Kristýna ; Ing.Ondřej Kosík, Ph.D. (referee) ; Flodrová, Dana (advisor)
The theoretical part of work focuses on the issue of biomass used for energy purposes, in particular agricultural waste, which can be used as a substrate for biogas station. Furthermore, examines the composition of polymer substrates, which affects most biogas process. The aim of this work was to measure each sample of enzyme activity of biomass, which is used as a raw material for biogas plants.
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Secretory pathway in plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and FT-IR spectroscopy methods in plant cell wall composition analysis
Glanc, Matouš ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Votrubová, Olga (referee)
All plant cells are encapsulated in a cell wall that determines the cells' shape and size and is essential to many of their vital processes. The cell wall of streptophyte plants is composed mainly of polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Cellulose, the main constituent of the plant cell wall, is synthesized by protein complexes bound to the PM, while hemicelluloses and pectins are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus. Several proteins that participate in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides have been identified, but hundreds of them remain to be discovered. Secretory pathway plays an important role in plant cell wall biogenesis as it transports cellulose synthase complexes and noncellulosic polysaccharide molecules to the cell surface. Some regulatory mechanisms that might be involved in cell wall material secretion, such as actin cytoskeleton, Ca2+ gradient or PIP kinases have been proposed; however, the regulation of this process is very complex and far from being understood. FT-IR spectroscopy is a method that can detect molecular vibrations and provide information about chemical composition of virtually all substances. It has been used successfully in screens for cell wall mutants, the study of interactions between cell wall polymers, as well as other areas of cell wall biology. FT-IR...
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Využití enzymů ve vinařství
Brůčková, Jana
This Bachelor work is about usage of enzymes in viticulture. It describes enzymes which are included in grapes and usage of commercial enzymes in viticulture. In the end of the work are summarized some studies which are deal with usage of commercial enzymes and their influence on the quality and features of wine.
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Porovnání komerčně dostupných maceračních enzymů při výrobě bílých vín
Maleňáková, Daniela
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of macerating enzymes in the white wine production. The use of enzymes, description of pectins and their change during the production of wine, and various types of maceration are described in detail in the literature review. The main aim of this work was to map macerating enzymes commercially obtainable in the Czech Republic and select representative sample for experimental part. Pomace from crushed grapes was divided into 9 batches, treated with enzymes and macerated for 24 hours. The pomace was pressed and stripped subsequently. The yield values, basic parameters and the polyphenolic profile of the must were evaluated for all samples. An evaluation of the enzymes parameters was performed based on these measurements. The results of measurements revealed that the best results were achieved by the Lallzyme Cuvee Blanc enzyme from LALLEMAND company.
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Tepelná stabilita pektinů
Vališová, Petra
Thesis on Thermal stability of pectins analyzes the physical properties of food hydrocolloids focusing on pectins. The theoretical part explains the general use of hydrocolloids in food with a detailed description of linear polysaccharide galacturonic acid. This part of the thesis pectins divides into groups according to various criteria, describes the mechanism of gel formation, explains the influence of various factors, and also shows the enzymatic reaction. The experimental part is focused on the physical parameters of selected types of pectins, depending on the time of warming and high temperature. The primary physical properties as viscosity, which was measured using a rotational viscometer and strength which was measured by a mechanical and digital penetrometer. This was measured thermal stability.
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Secretory pathway in plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and FT-IR spectroscopy methods in plant cell wall composition analysis
Glanc, Matouš ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Votrubová, Olga (referee)
All plant cells are encapsulated in a cell wall that determines the cells' shape and size and is essential to many of their vital processes. The cell wall of streptophyte plants is composed mainly of polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Cellulose, the main constituent of the plant cell wall, is synthesized by protein complexes bound to the PM, while hemicelluloses and pectins are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus. Several proteins that participate in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides have been identified, but hundreds of them remain to be discovered. Secretory pathway plays an important role in plant cell wall biogenesis as it transports cellulose synthase complexes and noncellulosic polysaccharide molecules to the cell surface. Some regulatory mechanisms that might be involved in cell wall material secretion, such as actin cytoskeleton, Ca2+ gradient or PIP kinases have been proposed; however, the regulation of this process is very complex and far from being understood. FT-IR spectroscopy is a method that can detect molecular vibrations and provide information about chemical composition of virtually all substances. It has been used successfully in screens for cell wall mutants, the study of interactions between cell wall polymers, as well as other areas of cell wall biology. FT-IR...
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Utilization of biomass for the energy purposes
Romanová, Kristýna ; Ing.Ondřej Kosík, Ph.D. (referee) ; Flodrová, Dana (advisor)
The theoretical part of work focuses on the issue of biomass used for energy purposes, in particular agricultural waste, which can be used as a substrate for biogas station. Furthermore, examines the composition of polymer substrates, which affects most biogas process. The aim of this work was to measure each sample of enzyme activity of biomass, which is used as a raw material for biogas plants.
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