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Ověření účinnosti filtrace přes granulové uhlí při odstraňování mikropolutantů na vybraných úpravnách pitné vody
MARTANOVÁ, Andrea
My bachelor thesis is called Verification of filtration efficiency through granular carbon in removal of micropollutants in selected drinking water treatment plants. The aim of this work was to determine the efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC) filters in connection with other technological processes (especially with ozonisation). Passive samplers (POCISs) were installed at the drinking water treatment plants in Pilsen and in Plav during spring and autumn 2019. Moreover, grab water samples were taken in the first and last day of POCIS deployment. Concentrations of selected pesticides and pharmaceuticals were determined by a liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometry in a laboratory LECHB Vodňany. In particular, the results of the analysis showed the occurrence of telmisartan and metabolites of metazachlor (metazachlor ESA and metazachlor OA) and metolachlor (metolachlor ESA) in raw water. Telmisartan was reduced in final water unlike metazachlor ESA, which seemed to be problematic in final water in the spring campaign at drinking water treatment plant in Pilsen. The results also confirmed the occurrence of atrazine and its metabolites in raw water. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of some compounds were found before the GAC filters than in the inlet to the drinking water treatment plants. The concentrations of these compounds were lower in the outlet than before GAU filters. The removal efficiency was calculated not only for all compounds together but also for each compound individually. Evaluation showed higher total removal efficiency at drinking water treatment plant in Pilsen, where the removal efficiency was 99 % in the autumn campaign, while in the spring campaign removal efficiency was only 61 %. The reason for this difference could be deactivated ozonisation during the spring campaign. This result demonstrates possibility of high removal efficiency of micropollutants for ozonisation followed by GAC filtration. Removal efficiency for drinking water treatment plant Plav was set as 46 % in the spring campaign and 67 % in the autumn campaign. The reason for these low removal efficiencies may be missing of ozonisation in treatment technology at this drinking water treatment plant.
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Prediction of mean hourly values of surface ozone concentrations from passive sampler measurements
Sinkulová, Michaela ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Zíková, Naděžda (referee)
In terms of air pollution, ground-level ozone is according to current knowledge, contributes the most to damage to ecosystems. To calculate the key indicators of potential damage to ecosystems, such as the exposure index AOT40 and stomatal flux, it is important to know the hourly ozone concentrations, which are the input data for both calculations. For the measurement of O3 air pollution concentrations for the purposes of environmental studies, continuous measurement is not used, but measurement by passive (diffusion) dosimeters, which are exposed for a longer period (usually 1 week-1 month) and thus indicate the average concentration for the relevant longer period. The aim of this diploma thesis is the prediction of hourly concentrations of ground-level ozone from measurements by diffusive samplers, which took place in the period 2006-2010 in Jizerské hory mountains. Monitoring always took place for 2 weeks during the vegetation seasons (April-October) at localities and at various altitudes (714 m above sea level - 1,000 m above sea level). Ogawa diffusive samplers were used. From these average and meteorological concentrations, hourly values of ground-level ozone concentrations were calculated according to the model from professional study and these were compared with measurements from an...
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The use of passive samplers in the identification of antibiotics residues in treated waste water
Kostříková, Markéta ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šťastný, Jan (referee)
With the increasing number of people on the planet, increases the consumption of antibiotics as well. A very big part of these antibiotics are transfered back into the environment in form of either their residues or metabolites. They usually negatively effect non-target organisms. Main sources of antibiotics are human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and animal production. The teoretical part of this thesis is devided into two chapters. In the first one the problematics of passive sampling, its usability and advantages compared to active sampling is discussed. These advantages are speed, low costs, no need for supply of outer energy and collection of samples in situ. Basic types of passive samplers that are intended for identification of foreign particles in the aquatic environment are described. Those described are Gore-Sorber, PDB, SPMD, POCIS, Chemcatcher, Ceramic Dosimeter, PISCES, MESCO a SLMD. The second chapter is about pharmaceuticals, more in depth about antibiotics in the environment such as Streptomycin, Amoxicilin, Ciprofloxacin, Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Spiramycin, Flumequin, Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazol, Chlortetracyklin, Oxytetracyklin, and methods of their detection. In the experimental part the possibility of combinig the advantages of passive sampling with the plate diffusion...
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