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Radiotherapy bone metastases
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kristina
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. Radiotherapy is a key element in the therapy of bone metastases, serving to relieve pain and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. The theoretical part reviews the available literature on the structure of bone, description of the diagnosis of bone metastases, and their subsequent treatment. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to answer research questions. The practical part focused on quantitative research. For the purposes of the research, research questions were first established, followed by data collection necessary to answer them at the radiotherapy department of the hospital in České Budějovice for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Hospital information system NIS was used to obtain patient information and the nature of their illness, and also the Aria planning system to verify information on irradiation techniques and applied doses. The research study included 224 patients. The collected data were then visualized using tables and graphs to facilitate comparison. From the results of the practical part, it was apparent that bone metastases of patients treated with radiotherapy at the hospital in České Budějovice most commonly affected the spine, pelvis, and long bones. The age range was diverse, but the issue of bone metastases mostly concerned patients in the age range of 60-80 years. The applied hypofractionation regimen was chosen considering the location of the metastasis and the patient's current condition. The resulting data and their analysis can serve as feedback to the staff of the respective radiotherapy department. The theoretical processing of the thesis can be used as a framework educational material for students of the field of radiological assistance at ZSF.
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Death and palliative care in pre-hospital care
NOVOTNÝ, Jan
The bachelor thesis entitled Death and Palliative Care in Pre-hospital Care reports on the interaction of death per se, but also deaths of patients in the care of paramedics. Furthermore, the thesis intersects the medical field called palliative care, which serves as an important agent in the care of patients in the terminal phase of their existence. The subject of death is a entirely timeless topic that has been, is, and always will be with us. Four research objectives were defined: namely to find out the attitude of the paramedic towards the dying of patients in pre-hospital care, to find out how paramedics cope with deaths of patients in pre-hospital care, to find out what communication techniques are used by paramedics with dying patients and their relatives or with bystanders in pre-hospital care and the last research objective was to find out what knowledge paramedics have in palliative care during pre-hospital care. The first, theoretical part deals with the perception of death from the Middle Ages to the present, the discipline of Thanatology and its subgroups. The chapter touches on euthanasia and describes communication, palliative care and its specifics. The second, practical part used qualitative research by conducting semi-structured interviews to gather in-depth data. The interview was conducted with paramedics belonging to the regional centre of Jindřichův Hradec. With the help of open coding and subsequent categorization, the data was analyzed and interpreted using the "show one's cards" technique. According to the analysis, all paramedics perceived death as an inevitable, natural fact, with this group divided by the fact of armouring themselves over their practice. Another finding projected the validity of debriefing as an appropriate factor after a mentally challenging ambulance despatch. Regarding communication, paramedics were not sure about the suitability of the methods used, which stems from the absence of the seminars in question. Awareness of the term palliative care was generally sufficient, but insufficient for the subsequent specification of the therapy. There has been an inconvenience in working with mobile hospice care, or pain alleviation, which is not officially defined and operates on a referral basis.
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Feasibility of advance directives in paramedic care
Fajferová, Kristýna ; Lejsal, Matěj (advisor) ; Hradcová, Dana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with feasibility of advance directives in the practice of emergency medical services. It explores how two emergency medical services deal with rising public interest in this topic - The Emergency medical service of Central Bohemia Region and of Vysočina Region in Czech Republic. The goal of the thesis is to detect under what circumstances can the EMS (emergency medical services) play a functional role in the practice of patients end-of-life decisions and in situations containing advance directives. Another goal is to make a set of recommendations for the organizations which could potentially help with dealing with advance directives in pre-hospital care. The empirical part of the study is constructed using a case study approach, it analyses organizational tools, documentation, and internal legislation. It is also made using semi structured interviews with the employees of both organizations. All acquired information is then divided under several categories that are profitable for the case study. The analysis of preparedness for dealing with patients with advance directives and identification of touchpoints - where certain approaches and opinions collide are considered a contribution of this thesis and were identified based on acquired information. Important factors that...
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Types of Love in the Context of Bioethical Arguments
SMRČKOVÁ, Leona
The thesis deals with kinds of love, their classification and characteristics. Another topic is euthanasia, its classification and arguments in favour of/against its legalisation. The basic aim of the thesis is to describe these concepts and to try to find a connection between them, to try to answer the question whether love can be argument for euthanasia, and if it can, then why.It tries to find possibilities and ways of action motivated by love, using cases already published of terminally ill people. It searches for the benefits of these findings for the work of a social worker.
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The Development of Hospice Care in the South Bohemian Region
PŘEDOTOVÁ, Eva
Hospices provide palliative medical care to patients in the terminal stage of their disease. The idea of hospice care is based on the respect for a human being as a unique and unreproducible entity. This approach ensures that a person does not stay alone in the last moments of his or her life, does not suffer unbearable pain and, last but not least, is guaranteed that his or her human dignity will be preserved and respected in all circumstances. This thesis focuses especially on providing hospice care in clients' homes. The goal of hospice care is to enable a person suffering from a serious disease to spend the last moments of his or her life at home with his or her family. It emphasises both a quality care of a dying person and support of the nursing family. The bachelor thesis is entitled: The Development of Hospice Care in the South Bohemian Region. It aims to determine the need for providing field hospice care and at the same time to describe the issue of home hospice care development in the South Bohemian region. In order to achieve these aims, the method of qualitative research has been used, namely the technique of semi-controlled interviews, supplemented by a survey. Three interviews carried out with the representatives of the Hospice of St. Jan N. Neumann clearly showed that the public as well as healthcare professionals are interested in field hospice care. Even the medical staff who took part in the survey held a similar opinion, mainly stressing the interest in home hospice care among their patients. The interview with the director of the hospice in Prachatice clearly indicated that everything was ready for launching the home hospice operation. However, it is not possible to launch this service due to the insurance company's, as the main finance provider, lack of willingness to help. The insurance company is not interested in signing a contract with the only registered hospice in the South Bohemian region, namely the Hospice of St. Jan N. Neumann.
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Palliative Care Confronted with Euthanasia and Consequent Meaning of Social Work
PROTIVÍNSKÁ, Lucie
The study deals with fundamental issue of palliative care which is defined as active and complete care of the patient with sickness unresponsive to curative care, it shows the possibilities of palliative care and its ways to achieve the most possible quality of patient´s and his family´s life. The ideal is to relieve symptoms such as physical pain, psychical, social and the spiritual one also. The study focuses mainly on the mission and the tasks of medical profession as well as on the social work during the care of uncurable patient and of his family. There are some reflexions about dying and death in the first chapter, and in that context it´s not possible to avoid the problematic of euthanasia which has as many fervent proponents as opponents. The fourth chapter deals with this ethic dilemma. The meaning of social work in palliative care emerged from the confrontation of the euthanasia with the palliative care is treated in the fifth chapter.
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Euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics
BARTKOVÁ, Štěpánka
Abstract Euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics Key words: euthanasia, suffering, death, dying, dignity, human rights, doctor, patient, palliative medicine, hospice care, assisted suicide, religious motivation, followers, objectors of euthanasia In my thesis I am covering the topic of ?qeuthanasia??. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to the problem of euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics. This thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part further consists of eleven chapters. In the first chapter, the types of euthanasia ares discussed (active, passive, prenatal, and assisted suicide). In the second chapter, the history of euthanasia is discussed in a great detail. The third chapter mainly concentrates on euthanasia in the world. The fourth chapter is about the criteria of death. In the fifth chapter, I address the questions of euthanasia and death in recent years. The sixth chapter is about the relationship between a doctor and a patient. The seventh chapter covers palliative medicine and the eighth chapter further expands on this subject with the topic of hospice care. In the ninth chapter, I pursue the point of religious motivational impact. The tenth and eleventh chapters are dedicated to the followers and objectors of euthanasia. The practical part concentrates on exploratory research. I have chosen sociological research using the methods of discussion. Here are three interviews with experts, who interact with dying individuals on a daily basis. These questioned specialists are believers and therefore the discourses are anonymous. The objective of these discussions was to uncover how professional in different facilities view the issues of euthanasia. This objective was sucessfully achieved.
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A Social Worker in a Mobile Hospice (A Position of a Social Worker in a Multispecialty Team
NOVÁKOVÁ, Markéta
This dissertation deals with a question of dying, accompanying and a service of incurable patients in all forms of hospice treatment only marginally. I am mainly focusing on a homecare service as well as on the role of a social worker there. The first part is about a principle of hospice, accompanying and palliative care. It is describing several forms of hospice service including ethic problems. The next part is telling about begining of social work as a part of paliative medicine and describing a contexture between these two branches A question of voluntary work is also mentioned there. The third part is dealing about multispecialty team and a contexture among particular professional occupations, including social worker and his role, his position in the team, activities, competences, knowledge and abilities etc. The fourth part of this essay is about social work in a mobile hospice and about the importace of taking care of oneself as a burn-out prevention. The last, (fifth, sixth, seventh) parts introduce operative part , where I am trying to introduce information achieved through descriptive metod of interwiev with particular members of the multispecialty team and with the concrete mobile hospice social worker.
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