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Nurses's interventions in urgent conditions in otorhinolaryngology
LAIBRTOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the acute conditions in otorhinolaryngology (ENT), mostly with hemorrhage and dyspnoe, and with the nurse's intervention which are done at the patients with this conditions at the Otorhinolaryringology Standard Depatrment, the ENT Intensive Care Unit and at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. The theoretic part is devoted to description of acute conditions in the ear, nose and throat area in general. Next it is focused on the dyspnoe in ENT, what are the causes, symptoms, therapy and if it's neccessary what are the ways of securing the airways. Then in connection with dyspnoe is described nursing care. The next chapter is focused on the acute conditon which is hemorrhage. Here is described from wich areas could patient bleed, what are the causes of hemorrhage, symptoms and therapy. The last chapter is focused on desctiption of nursing care at patients with hemorrhage. Three research objectives were defined in the empiric part of this bachelor thesis: Find out the interventions are performed in patients with acute condition in otorhinolaryngology. Map if the nurses are sufficiently prepared to provide nursing care to the patients with acute condition in ENT. To achieve the determined objectives qualitative research was used. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 24 nurses from the Otorhinolaryringology Standard Depatrment, the ENT Intensive Care Unit and the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation.The obtained information was processed by open coding, paper and pencil interviewing. The results showed that the provided interventions are similar for the particular acute contidion. The differences are only in some interventions. In case od bleeding from nose cavity, oral but also from surgical wound the provided interventions are very similar. I tis very important to inform the doctor about the acute contidiont with subsequent cooperation and fulfillmetn his surgeries. The performed interventions are mostly focused on the care of bleeding, administation of medicaments or blood derivatives and on the monitoring of the vital sings. In case of occurrence the acute dyspnoea the doctor is informed again and then is followed according to his surgeries. Performed interventions are focused on the monitoring of vital sings, administration od medicaments and if it is necessary on the airway management. In case of airway management the interventios are focused on nursing care of patients with tracheostomy. In finding out the readiness of nurses it was found that in their opinion they are prepared for the acute conditions in ENT.
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Possibilities the use of CT and MRI in ENT diagnostics
SVOBODA, David
The bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities use of CT and MRI in ENT diagnostics. The main goal is to introduce and give information about the use of various viewing methods in ORL diagnosis, with a main focus on CT and MR viewing methods. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we introduce the field of otorhinolaryngology and a brief introduction into the history of this field. Then we talk about the basic equipment of an ORL doctor's office and the use of various basic examinations. Continuing, we talk about diagnostic methods that can be used in ORL - RTG, CT, NMR, sonography and scintigraphy. Finally, we briefly discuss the anatomy, illness and diagnosis of the airways, throat and neck. The Following goals had been established: To analyse the possibilities of using CT and MRI during the ORL diagnostics. Determine the level of awareness of the non-expert audience about the process of CT and MRI and ORL diseases. Then, hypothesis had been determined, which reads as follows: respondents have sufficient/enough information about the CT and MR examination and respondents have experience with diseases in the ORL area. For the empirical part of the thesis, we chose an anonymous questionnaire whose results were solely intended for the purposes of this thesis. The main purpose of the study was to find out about the knowledge the patients had about the various diagnostic procedures. The result is that the general population is sufficiently informed about the entire diagnostic process, as well as its potential complications and shortcomings. Illnesses in ORL are relatively frequent, across all age groups. The most common diagnoses are ear infections, tonsillitis, and bronchitis. he most commonly used viewing methods are X-rays and ultrasounds or sonography.
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Nursing caring for a patient with thyroid gland disease
Drnek, Jan ; Pírková, Vendula (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
This bachelor's thesis "Nursing care for female patient with thyroid disease" consists of two parts describing theory and practise. Theoretic part provides basic information about thyroid gland - anatomy, histology and physiology - function in human organism, followed by description of goitre, the most frequent disease requiring surgical intervention, focused on disorder reasons, incidence symptoms, diagnostics, therapy, possible complications and prognosis for patients suffering this disease. Part of the literary researche describes the nursing care process for patient with planned neck surgery, and the role of the nurse in pre- operative preparation and a post-operation care. Practical part presents a case story of 53 years old female patient from diagnosis to definitive surgical solution. Case story has been described according to the Marjorie Gordon nursing modus, which accentuates biologic and social needs of the client. After presentation of basic data on patient, diagnostics and therapy of her disease and hospitalisation course, the story has been focused on specific needs of the client, formulation of nursing diagnoses, targets and plans, their realisation and evaluation. The aim of this thesis was description of question is in surgically intervented thyroideal disease focused on nursing...
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Tracheostomy from the client's perspective
Martinů, Kateřina ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of clients who endured tracheostomy. The theoretical part is mainly paying attantion to explaining the anatomical and physiological proportions of larynx and trachea. The next, quite large chapter, focuses on tracheonomic cannula, tries to sum up the information from first attempts to open the trachea, types of tracheonomic cannulas and their advantages and disantvantages, to hygiene of the throat and correct care. These basic informations should be helpful to clients taking care of tracheostomy in home enviroment. The next chapter introduces the educational process of the client from the begining of hospitalization until dispensary care. The practical part is focused on quantitative research on sufficient information towards clients before surgery and finding out to what level are the clients bothered by the cannula and how to compensate. From the obtained data it was possible to deduct that 65% of clients received information from the nurse about how to use a cannula, including a demonstration. 35% was informed about the treatment. The research also revealed that 55% of clients with temporary tracheostomy perceives the limited comunication posibilites as a major problem. Keywords in English Tracheostomy Otorhinolaryngology Intensive care unit Nursing...
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Education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of ear, nose, throat.
EKHARDTOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of this study was to uncover phenomena in the effective education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and to create a functional educational material, using elements of game therapy. The theoretical part contains information about the problems of hospitalized children, their perception of illness and hospitalization and brings facts about the negative reactions of children in this difficult period. This part of study describes the education of children at the hospital and introduces simple instructions how to communicate with the child. This part of study also describes the nurse's work at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat and describes the most frequent procedures with children at this department. Another part of this study is focused on the preoperative preparation and the last part of this study is focused on the gaming therapy. Following research questions were provided to achieve the main aims of this study: 1. How is the children education provided in the Department of ETH in the chosen hospital? 2. What kind of children's educational strategies is used at the pre-operative care at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the chosen hospital? 3. What are the effectiveness of educational strategies applied on the principle of game therapy? This research was based on qualitative survey. The research was divided into three parts. The results of the research are in the practical part of this study. Data were collected between December 2014 and March 2015 at the Otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec. The first part of the research was focused on interviews with the nurses. Interviews were semi-structured and contained eight questions. The second part of the research was focused on seven questions of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children's deputy. These two parts of the research was supplemented by direct structured observation focused on the children and children's deputy education at the hospital before the surgery. Due the working department management the direct structured observation was carried out at the moment of hospital admission because there is the education most extensive and the most important. Based on the results of the first two parts of the research of this study the new education materials were created and applied in the third part of the research of this study. One of the new created education materials was an electronic Power Point presentation used in hospital's tablets. The second new applied educational material was a Teddy Bear. The results of these interviews showed that the main source of information is mainly a doctor. The nurse completes the education. Interviewed nurses realize the importance of education for children and their parents. First, the education is carried out at the hospital Infimary Room based on verbal and individual way. Then the education is carried out in the Hospital Room or in the Surgery Room before the surgery if the patient's condition allows children can for example touch the respirator etc. The education is more focused on children's deputy. The big advantage for children is a fact, than they can be accompanied by their deputy. The children's deputy can stay till the child fall asleep before the surgery. The effectivity of the education is controlled by nurses. There is one alarming result of the survey. One of the nurses believes that non educated child feels just the same as educated. However, this result wasn't confirmed. There is only minimal occurrence of the game therapy at the department. Nurses express positive opinion about the education with occurrence of the game therapy but negative phenomenon of this strategy they find in the lack of the time. The observed fact is those interviewed deputies were very satisfied with the education in most of the cases. The practical part of this study is focused on application of educational material.
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AN EDUCATIVE ACTIVITY OF A THEATRE NURSE ON OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
REINDLOVÁ, Jitka
The thesis title is Educative Activities of a Perioperative Nurse at an ORL Department. In her profession, the nurse performs several important roles. One of these is the very role of an educator. No less important is the educative activity of a perioperative nurse which is currently increasingly referred to. Education is important in order for a client to be able to assume an active role in the area of own health care and in order to be able to decide completely with respect to own health provision. An operating procedure is a difficult situation in a person{\crq}s life and it is necessary that a client has all the information available. The objective of this thesis was to map the educative activity of perioperative nurses. In particular with respect to the clients{\crq} satisfaction with pre-operative care within the context of the educative process; whether the education performed by a perioperative nurse alleviates a client{\crq}s anxiety and improves the awareness of clients before an operating procedure. A quantitative research has been selected for the fulfillment of objectives. The survey investigation was executed by means of a questionnaire form. Two anonymous questionnaires were used. The first one was intended for clients after an operating procedure at an ORL department, and the second one for perioperative nurses. The questionnaire survey reflected on 84 clients and 86 perioperative nurses.
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