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Assessment of selected pesticides using gas chromatography
Matušková, Monika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with determination of selected pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography. The target pesticides belong to the group of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosmet) and carbamates (carbofuran, aldicarb, methiocarb, pirimicarb, and propamocarb). In the theoretical part, the division of pesticides is stated, and their properties are described, as well as their fate in the environment and their negative effects. Then, the possibilities of analytical determination based on gas chromatography are characterized. The experimental part describes the treatment of the samples and their subsequent analysis. Solid phase extraction was chosen as the extraction technique. Two kinds of cartridges were optimized (Oasis HLB and Supelclean ENVI-18) in combination with various elution reagents. The most suitable combination was then used for processing of real samples of waste-water, which was taken from WWTP in Brno Modřice. For the final determination of the target compounds by gas chromatography, two types of detectors were used: mass spectrometer and an electron capture detector.
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Rezistence brouků škodících na obilninách k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů
Benda, Ivo
The thesis titled “The Resistance of Beetles Harmful to Cereals Towards Selected Active Substances of Insecticides” deals with the issue of sensitivity of the oulema cereal leaf beetles towards active substances from the pyrethroid category (lambda-cyhalothrin) and organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-ethyl). Research was performed at a number of locations in the region of South Moravia. The beetles were collected on fields with common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). The testing of the beetles was performed in a lab using the adult-vial test. Imagos were exposed to four concentrations of each active substance in three repetitions. The results were processed using the Polo Plus program. The activity of the beetles differed depending on the concentration of the active substance.
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Rezistence dřepčíků rodu Phyllotreta a Psylliodes na řepce k vybraným insekticidům
Gajdošík, Erik
Diploma thesis is followed of bachelor thesis of the same author out of 2013. The aim of this work was evaluation sensibility of the flea beetles of birth Phyllotreta and Psylliodes to active substances of pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and tau-fluvalinate), neonicotinoids (thiacloprid) and organophosphorous insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl). The research was conducted during 2013 in the 22 locations and in 2014 at 15 sites in the Czech Republic. Beetles were collected from normal commercial oilseed colza and mustard. Testing was conducted by laboratory methods of IRAC number 011, 021 and 025, during testing was used the (adul-vial-test). These metods are determined for monitoring (Meligethes spp.), but also these metods are suitable for testing another kind of pest of colza. Between the compared samples of populations flea beetles were found in some localities differences in their sensitivity to the active used substance. The species spectrum of flea beetles were observed in populations collected in 2012. Index of dominance for individual flea beetles species were determined. P. nigripes (37,26 %), P. atra (35,26 %) and P. nemorum (23,26 %) were eudominant species, P. undulata (3,66 %) subdominant, P. vittula (0,06 %) and P. chrysocephala (0,50 %) subrecedent.
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Assessment of selected pesticides using gas chromatography
Matušková, Monika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with determination of selected pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography. The target pesticides belong to the group of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosmet) and carbamates (carbofuran, aldicarb, methiocarb, pirimicarb, and propamocarb). In the theoretical part, the division of pesticides is stated, and their properties are described, as well as their fate in the environment and their negative effects. Then, the possibilities of analytical determination based on gas chromatography are characterized. The experimental part describes the treatment of the samples and their subsequent analysis. Solid phase extraction was chosen as the extraction technique. Two kinds of cartridges were optimized (Oasis HLB and Supelclean ENVI-18) in combination with various elution reagents. The most suitable combination was then used for processing of real samples of waste-water, which was taken from WWTP in Brno Modřice. For the final determination of the target compounds by gas chromatography, two types of detectors were used: mass spectrometer and an electron capture detector.
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Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Meligethes aeneus, Fabr. 1775) k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů
Grätzová, Linda
The aim of this thesis was to determine presence of resistant populations pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus). Determination their resistance level and proposing an anti-resistant strategy was solved too. The adults of pollen beetle were collected in year 2012 and 2013 from 16 locations in South Moravia. Collections were done on rape, but also on poppy and mustard. Pyrethroids - cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate; neonicotinoids -- commercially used preparation Biscaya 240 OD and organophosphorous insecticide active substance chlorpyrifos ethyl were tested. The tests were conducted according to the methodology of Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Each active substance was tested in three repetitions. The adults were exposed to 100 % registered dose after 24 hour. Substance efficiency in 2012 and 2013 was different. There was an efficiency drop in Biscaya 240 OD preparation. On the contrary, lambda-cyhalotrine substance was more effective in 2013.
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Toxicologically important pesticides in the regard of human health
VODVÁŘKA, Stanislav
There are an enormous number of known pesticides exceeding 10 000 substances. For more than 80 years these chemicals have been used to control pests including animals, seeds or parasitic fungi threatening agricultural, garden or forest plants, food or farming product reserves, industrial materials (textiles, leather, timber, etc.), and other animals as well as man. These substances are classified according to the type of use in pest control. The most important and prevalent groups involve insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. The other groups are of minor importance. Due to the high numbers of substances available, this work has been reduced and focuses on insecticides only, particularly on the insecticides showing the highest toxicity level for warm-blooded animals including humans, i.e. the insecticide substances that may be suspect in terms of abuse by terrorists. It has been proved long ago that some of the organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides show the highest toxicity level.
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