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Ontology matching and integration on the Semantic web
Apfelbecková, Anežka ; Zamazal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
Evolution of informatics ontologies is related to the evolution of semantic web. There is a large scale of ontologies designed to describe various application areas today. To cover the largest possible part of them, ontologies that use similar terminology and that have been designed for the particular domain are mapped and integrated. While the matching process allows to discover relationships and similarities between individual parts of ontologies, the integration process merges existing ontologies to create new ones. The aim of the thesis is to introduce basic principles of semantic web and knowledge ontologies. Practical part of the study is focused on ontology merging. The output of the thesis is created by the results of experimental measurement. Two independent ontology merging systems have been used for the experiment: DKP-OM and PROMPT. Integration results have then been compared and evaluated with general metrics. The bachelor thesis is divided into several sections. First part describes the theory behind semantic web and knowledge ontologies. Second chapter defines the matching process and ontology integration and introduces the tools used for the experiment. Third chapter covers evaluation metrics of ontology integration. The last part focuses on the experiment itself and its evaluation.
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Upper Ontology UMBEL in Terms of Ontology Mapping
Vataščinová, Jana ; Zamazal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to introduce the topic of semantic web and linked data, to provide a description of the Upper Ontology UMBEL, its mappings to other ontologies, and to create new mappings to UMBEL Ontology. The source for this paper are publications and official web pages that are related to the topic. For viewing and browsing ontologies, editor Protégé is used. For mapping ontologies to UMBEL Ontology, application LogMap and UMBEL Web Services for searching for Reference Concepts are used. Contribution of the thesis should be the description of UMBEL Ontology in Czech language and creation of new mappings to UMBEL Ontology. The paper firstly provides a brief introduction to the topic of semantic web, linked data and ontology mapping. Then the thesis describes UMBEL Ontology, vocabularies in LOV and ontology mappings to UMBEL Ontology. Finally, newly created mappings to UMBEL Ontology are presented.
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Modelování událostí na sémantickém webu
Hanzal, Tomáš ; Svátek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
There are many ontologies and datasets on the semantic web that mention events. Events are important in our perception of the world and in our descriptions of it, therefore also on the semantic web. There is however not one best way to model them. This is connected to the fact that even the question what events are can be approached in different ways. Our aim is to better understand how events are represented on the semantic web and how it could be improved. To this end we first turn to the ways events are treated in philosophy and in foundational ontologies. We ask questions such as what sorts of things we call events, what ontological status we assign to events and if and how can events be distinguished from other entities such as situations. Then we move on to an empirical analysis of particular semantic web ontologies for events. In this analysis we find what kinds of things are usually called events on the semantic web (and what kinds of events there are). We use the findings from the philosophy of events to critically assess these ontologies, show their problems and indicate possible paths to their solution.
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Design of Data Structures using RDFS/OWL
Horáková, Linda ; Dudáš, Marek (advisor) ; Mynarz, Jindřich (referee)
The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to explore possibilities and advantages of publishing statistical data on Semantic Web according to Linked Data Principles. In theoretical part readers are familiarized with basic features of Semantic Web, principles and options of publishing Linked Data. The thesis is mainly focused on an analysis of existing vocabularies used for description of statistical data, especially in the field of public spending. The outcome of the analysis is the statement that general vocabularies are more suitable for description of statistical data, because they provide wider possibilities than proprietary ontologies. The result of the analysis was verified by the draft concept of data structure describing the field of public spending, which is based on general Data Cube Vocabulary. The practical part of the thesis also contains construction of SPARQL query which can be used for automatic transformation of current data to the shape that is suitable to the new data structure.
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Modularization of extraction of public procurement data to RDF
Káňa, Jakub ; Mynarz, Jindřich (advisor) ; Dudáš, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with extension of data extractor of public contracts gained from server Tenders Electronic Daily. The thesis covers a modularized extractor 10 new types of public contract notices. The data is retrieved from XML by using transformation scenario and they are extracted to RDF/XML data format. The extension is realized on TED-XML and META-XML formats of published data. The work also expands and creates independent library of functions. The library is documented. To ensure the accuracy of the extracted data in terms of syntax and also used ontologies there are used validation tools. For command line syntax validation Jena Apache Riot and for testing the correctness of output in terms of use Public Contracts Ontology RDFUnit testing tool. The contribution of this work is the practical part, allowing you to convert semi-structured data from the Journal of procurement of EU Member States into a fully structured data. Enhanced extractor allows you to extract data from the notices type F04 - F09 and F15 - F18.
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Jean- Paul Sartre´s ontology, it´s consequences and criticism
PAŠEK, Ivo
This work deals with Jean- Paul Sartre´s philosophy. It´s ontological principles examined in Being an nothingness, consequences of this principles for practical philosophy described in Existencialims is humanism and finally selected critical response. First part of the work is focused on terms being in itself and being for itself. Second part tries to present Sartre´s thoughts in the way author presented it in lecture Existentialism is humanism. And the third part deals with critical response.
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SW Support and maintenance: Extension of onthology about COE concept, simplification of effort estimation
Marounek, Petr ; Toman, Prokop (advisor) ; Stecker, Ladislav (referee) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee) ; Slabý, Antonín (referee)
Effective implementation (in terms of time, cost, utilization of human resources, etc.) of information systems operation is a strategic issue in today's time when business processes are integrally aligned with the informatics. Currently, costs associated with software support and maintenance represent more than 90% of total costs. Software maintenance is a set of activities needed for cost-effective support of IT solution. IS / IT Center of excellence (COE) do not cover the area of software support and maintenance, there is no formalized methodology or procedural framework for COE for support and maintenance -- in reality, it means missing processes and procedures for creating it, management and evaluation of it. Moreover, there are missing recommendation about organization structure, services to be provided and overall continuous improvement. Therefore author proposes his own solution by definition and implementation of center of excellence for support and maintenance and its sub-centers of excellence for support and maintenance of particular applications. Current ontology of support and maintenance does not capture the necessary components and links -- namely missing management, planning and effort estimation views. Therefore author proposes his redefinition and enrichment of ontology of organizational structure about elements of competence and sub-competence center, typology of tasks (management, maintenance), and their management - estimating, planning and realization. In his work, Magne Jorgensen formulated conclusions that 83 to 84% of all estimation is done by pure expert estimates and estimating models are not used basically due to their complexity. Based on extending PERT formula about quality of estimator and historical experience, author introduced his simplified, easy to use approach to effort estimation in software maintenance. Both introduced formulas were verified in sub-competence center for supporting mortgage IS with significantly better result than only pure PERT estimate (98.8% and 91.8% against pure PERT 90.1%). In conclusion, author discusses the benefits of the implementation of center of excellence for support and maintenance and sub-centers of excellence for support and maintenance of particular applications, and overall fulfilling of thesis scope.
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Business Process Improvement through development of ontology
Elischer, Viliam ; Řepa, Václav (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
The presented thesis offers in a wrapped form some basic information about HR procesess in an existing company and at the same time it draws new improvement options by applying an ontological solution. The aim of the thesis is based on a performed process analysis to select and resolve identified deficiencies by planed process improvements. Furthermore the author's solution enables to extend nowadays available options IT systems. The result of the diploma thesis is the description and categorisation of investigated process inefficiencies, followed by a relevant solution of ontological nature designed for elimination of the detected inefficiencies. The thesis is divided into three parts. First of them is oriented to characterise organization's environment, second part contains detailed analysis of hiring process and its subprocesses. Discussion about one of the most main uneffectivity's way, method of using IT systems in a process of process, runs on a base of knowledge contained in previous parts of the thesis.
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Ontology in philosophy and informatics
Murín, Jozef ; Řepa, Václav (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis offers in introduction into ontology in philosophy and informatics. In philosophy, ontology is the study of the most general features of reality. In the field of Informatics the term ontology is starting to be used more often and numerous "ontological approaches" have been proposed recently. In the chapter about ontology in philosophy the meaning is explained on the background of history of philosophy. There generally three meanings of ontology: as a theoretical discipline, as a theory about the structure of reality and as a concrete artefact. It is argued that every science needs a sound ontological base and that the need for ontology increases in times of scientific discovery. The aim of the chapter about ontology in informatics is to show the need and application possibilities for an ontological approach in conceptual modelling, domain engineering and in the area of semantic web. In the end there is a discussion of the terminological confusion about ontology in informatics.
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