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The multiresidue determination of pesticides in barley and malt by the LC/MS method with QuEChERS extraction
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Pernica,, Marek (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the determination of pesticides in barley and malt. Barley is one of the second most cultivated cereals in the Czech Republic. In order to achieve higher yields, higher grain quality, and avoid losses, plant protection products - pesticides - are used. The disadvantage of their use is their negative impact on human and animal health and the environment. Residues of pesticides and their metabolites can remain in a food, so it is a good idea to monitor their content. There are various options for determination, but recently the QuEChERS extraction method has been used, which speeds up the whole sample preparation process. The practical part summarizes the optimization and validation of the QuEChERS method and the subsequent quantification of analytes by UPLC-MS/MS. The content of 148 pesticides in 30 barley and 20 malt samples from the 2021 harvest in the Czech Republic was analysed.
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Využití silic při ochraně bramboru vůči bakterii Dickeya dianthicola
Špaček, Dominik
The thesis "Use of essential oils in the protection of the potato against Dickeya dianthicola" deals with the antibacterial effects of selected essential oils and their components. Specifically, the oils cinnamon, fennel, tea tree, cumin, roman cumin, cloves, tea tree and components of carvone and limonene for the gram-negative bacterium Dickeya dianthicola. Antibacterial activity was assessed using a disc diffusion method where inhibitory zones were monitored. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was determined using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The disk diffusion method showed that the bacterium tested was most sensitive to the presence of cinnamon oil at all concentrations. Cloves oil was measured to be more efficient at 75 μl/ml than at 100 μl/ml. Based on the MIC and MBC readings, it is clear that the viability of Dickeya dianthicola bacteria was most inhibited by cinnamon essential oil and clove oil. In conclusion, a pathogenicity test was carried out to show that the carvone component suppressed the symptoms of the attack more than the cinnamon and cumin oil.
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Výskyt patogenů a škůdců v porostu máku setého
Gabčíková, Rebeka
This work in its theoretical part deals with the basic characteristics of oilseed poppy cultivation, with a focus on the characterization of pests and diseases. The practical part of the work was conducted in the form of an experiment, which was carried out on the land of the company Agroregión a.s., based in Rajec, Slovakia. The experiment consisted of monitoring pests and diseases and evaluating the abundance of their occurrence in different variants of chemical treatment (control, insecticide, insecticide + fungicide). The occurrence of the black bean aphid (Aphid fabae) was detected among the pests, for which the direct impact of insecticidal treatment on the abundance could not be demonstrated. The occurrence of poppy downy mildew (Peronospora arborescens) was confirmed among the diseases, and the results in the form of the percentage of affected plants proved to be an insufficient measure for the evaluation of the disease progress. However, from the attached photographs, it is apparent that fungicidal protection in this case provided significantly better plant health.
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Stroje pro chemickou ochranu rostlin
Lesa, Petr
This thetis presents list of methods of plants protection and machines at work in a chemical plant protection. I tis presented their distribution and classification. The following is presented charakterization individual parts of sprinklers, the possibility of reducing drift spray liquid in the application and adjusting application rates. In the practical part by measuring flow rates of two types of nozzles, their comparison with set values and control the uniformity of flow rate nozzles around the application frame sprinklers.
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