|
|
Interactions between plants, herbivorous insect and predators: mechanisms and ecological importance
MRÁZOVÁ, Anna
The thesis describes the interactions between the three trophic levels from different perspectives. It focuses on the role of plants, herbivorous insect, and invertebrate predators and birds in trophic interactions. More specifically, it describes indirectly induced plant defence and communication with higher taxa and changes in predation pressure and insect communities in response to defensive chemical compounds released from herbivory-damaged plants.
|
|
|
Plant - invertebrate herbivore interactions on intra- and interspecific level
Kuglerová, Marcela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Burešová, Renáta (referee)
Plants have been interacting with herbivores for several hundred million years. Herbivores consume a large portion of biomass produced by plants. In response to herbivore attacks, plants have evolved a diverse complex of direct and indirect defenses to reduce herbivory and the impacts on plant performance. This bachelor thesis is focused on plant-herbivore interactions especially on different ways of plant defense of terrestrial ecosystems against invertebrates herbivores. This thesis is dealing with costitutive defenses a well as induce defenses that occur after herbivore attack. Plant defenses can be also categorized into three categories of resistance, tolerance and phenological escape. Mechanical, chemical and visual defenses are discussed in detail as mechanisms of resistance. Apart from defense mechanisms distinguishing individual species this study review intraspecific variability in plant defense against herbivores caused by different habitats in which plant grow or originate and plant size or variation in composition of secondary metabolites. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The impact of herbivores on plant population dynamics: The importance for biological control of invasive plants
Šulcová, Hana ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Herbivory is one of the most important relations between plants and animals. The herbivores affect plant populations not only by grazing, but also by trampling and disturbing the vegetation. Herbivores have also great potential to affect the population dynamics of particular plant species. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics and to interpret it in relation to biological control of invasive plants. When evaluating the effect of herbivores, it is necessary to keep in mind the fact that herbivores don't affect only plants but also each other through direct as well as indirect competition. The use of different herbivore species to supress the invasive plants may not necessarily be effective. The range of the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics depends also on the environmental conditions. Habitats with infrequent disturbances and high competition levels among plants increase the effect of biological control, because high competition facilitates competitive exlusion of the target plant species. Different life-histories of plants play are also important in terms of biological control mainly the life-span and the endurance of the seed bank affect the results. Monocarpic species with short-lived seed bank can be relatively easily reduced by...
|
|
|
Plant traits determining plant-herbivore interactions
Medová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Plants are constantly endangered by herbivores. Plants have adapted and created a wide arsenal of defences during approximately 410 million years of coexistence. Their role consists of fading the herbivores off or reduce suffered damage. This bachelor's thesis focuses on mechanisms that were proven to serve as plant defences. It is specifically about interactions between invertebrate herbivores and plants of terrestrial ecosystems. Prediction of herbivory by some traits is mentioned as well. Information about characteristics of plants which affects preferences of herbivores is interesting due to its possibility of aplication in agriculture or biological control of invasive species. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Importance of root exudates in plant-soil interactions
Horčičková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant roots are in constant contact with soil microorganisms and fungi, and they come in contact with soil fauna and the roots of other plants. All components of the soil biota communicate with each other. When it comes to plants it is often a chemical communication through root exudates, chemicals that plants release into the soil. Through root exudation, plants also affect the abiotic component of the soil, which helps them to obtain nutrients. The production of root exudates is important in attracting symbionts and beneficial organisms and, conversely, in repelling or killing pathogens and parasites. Thanks to root exudates, plants can recognize neighbouring plants, suppress the growth of competitors, or avoid competition with kin, and parasitic plants use root exudates as signals to find its host. By the action of root exudates, plants create their own community of microorganisms and fungi in the rhizosphere, adjust the availability of nutrients and thus actively change living conditions in the soil. This bachelor thesis focuses on plant interactions through root exudates and mentions the ways in which root exudation can be studied. The following diploma thesis will discuss the influence of root exudates of invasive plants on the native plant community.
|
|
|
Plant - invertebrate herbivore interactions on intra- and interspecific level
Kuglerová, Marcela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Burešová, Renáta (referee)
Plants have been interacting with herbivores for several hundred million years. Herbivores consume a large portion of biomass produced by plants. In response to herbivore attacks, plants have evolved a diverse complex of direct and indirect defenses to reduce herbivory and the impacts on plant performance. This bachelor thesis is focused on plant-herbivore interactions especially on different ways of plant defense of terrestrial ecosystems against invertebrates herbivores. This thesis is dealing with costitutive defenses a well as induce defenses that occur after herbivore attack. Plant defenses can be also categorized into three categories of resistance, tolerance and phenological escape. Mechanical, chemical and visual defenses are discussed in detail as mechanisms of resistance. Apart from defense mechanisms distinguishing individual species this study review intraspecific variability in plant defense against herbivores caused by different habitats in which plant grow or originate and plant size or variation in composition of secondary metabolites. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Plant traits determining plant-herbivore interactions
Medová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Plants are constantly endangered by herbivores. Plants have adapted and created a wide arsenal of defences during approximately 410 million years of coexistence. Their role consists of fading the herbivores off or reduce suffered damage. This bachelor's thesis focuses on mechanisms that were proven to serve as plant defences. It is specifically about interactions between invertebrate herbivores and plants of terrestrial ecosystems. Prediction of herbivory by some traits is mentioned as well. Information about characteristics of plants which affects preferences of herbivores is interesting due to its possibility of aplication in agriculture or biological control of invasive species. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The impact of herbivores on plant population dynamics: The importance for biological control of invasive plants
Šulcová, Hana ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Herbivory is one of the most important relations between plants and animals. The herbivores affect plant populations not only by grazing, but also by trampling and disturbing the vegetation. Herbivores have also great potential to affect the population dynamics of particular plant species. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics and to interpret it in relation to biological control of invasive plants. When evaluating the effect of herbivores, it is necessary to keep in mind the fact that herbivores don't affect only plants but also each other through direct as well as indirect competition. The use of different herbivore species to supress the invasive plants may not necessarily be effective. The range of the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics depends also on the environmental conditions. Habitats with infrequent disturbances and high competition levels among plants increase the effect of biological control, because high competition facilitates competitive exlusion of the target plant species. Different life-histories of plants play are also important in terms of biological control mainly the life-span and the endurance of the seed bank affect the results. Monocarpic species with short-lived seed bank can be relatively easily reduced by...
|
|
|
How plants cope to stress: Odour (didactic work - basic school level)
NEJEDLÁ, Veronika
The purpose of this diploma work is preparation attractive working sheets, which approximate to the pupils of the primary school amusing form one actual ecological problem in the empire of the herbage. Working sheets are divided into four parts. Every part contains at first the theoretic pieces of knowledge and then their exercises. The theory includes the topic of vegetable essential oils and their tasks in vegetable stress. This subject is processed from the view to knowledge of the pupils from primary scholls. Contribution of working sheets is experimentally checked-out practically. By two sets of pupils is given test to check the level knowledge {--} by those, who working sheets worked up and to the control group of the pupils, who didn´t work with working sheets. Test results are compared.
|
guest ::
