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Pícniny v osevních postupech a ve výživě zvířat
Sláma, Miloš
The aim of the study was to assess the development of crop rotations with regard to the current state of fodder crops, when it began to wane sown forage and reduce the number of cattle as well. The thesis also deals with the principle of crop rotation, the appropriateness of including different types of forages and the influence of the inclusion of forage in crop rotation and nutrient parametres of cattle. Properly assembled crop rotation contributes to the smooth growing of plants and enrichment of the soil by a large number of underground and aboveground phytomass. Classification of forages contributes in many cases to increase soil fertility. Very suitable in this context is inclusion legumes, particularly clover plants, but also pea, which leave large quantities of crop residues and also due to symbiotic root with nodule bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. In ruminant rations represent an important source of protein components. The greatest use of legumes in feed industry is sown alfalfa and clover. To complement the carbohydrate components of the feeding dose is of utmost importance to maize silage, which is due root crops character with possible direct fertilization also improving crop in crop rotations.
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Stanovení stravitelnosti organické hmoty metodou „in vitro" u píce odebrané z obnovených travních porostů v průběhu nárůstu 1. seče
Němcová, Petra
My thesis is focused on possible improvement of prediction of net energy lactation (NEL) and net energy fattening (NEV) concentrations by organic matter digestibility (OMD) which is determined by the laboratory method ELOS suitable for routine operations. This should improve current practice when the determination coefficients are taken from the stock-feeding tables. This method of OMD in vitro determination with ANKOM DaisyII Incubator allows serial digestion of more samples in one batch in the fermentation vessel en bloc which significantly decreases laboriousness of operation, filtration is not necessary anymore, and alternatively inoculum can be chosen according to the laboratory potential (rumen juice -- buffer, resp. clean cellulases). Prediction accuracy, when the cellulase preparations made in the Czech Republic with balanced cellulolytic and other activities were used in this experiment, proved to be sufficiently accurate and fully applicable for practical use within a wide range of grass samples. The accuracy of determination of OMD in vitro by ELOS method within values usual for grasses in technical maturity (grazing, conservation), i.e. 60 -- 80, demonstrates results which are practically identical (+-2.43 OMD units) to the Tilley, Terry (1963) method. Specific differences in growth rhythm of 7 tested grasses were stated (P 0.01), and the difference in heading of the earliest grasses (Fl - Hy 'Hykor', FA 'Kora' -- table 5) and late grass (LP 'Kentaur' -- table 5) was 3 weeks. The OMD value decrease is in the average of species, 7 dates of sample collection, two sites and two harvest years 4.44 units, decrease of NEL and NEV values by 0.42 MJ.kg-1 dry matter per week.
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The evaluation of cattle nutrition level in the agriculture enterprise
ŠANDERA, Filip
This thesis deals with evaluating the level of cattle nutrition with a focus for dairy cows in different stages of lactation. Collective farm Podkleťan Křemže contributed on this thesis providing an opportunity to monitor the quality of roughage, feeding technique and overall ration structure. Evaluation of roughage was done from the fermentation perspective with subsequent result dividing to each class. The ration was monitored from the angle of nutrient composition with assessing of nutrient and energy needs to achieve the recommended values. The nutrition should be composed of high-quality roughage to avoid dairy cows´ potential health problems. Ration should relate to the psysiological needs of dairy cows as closest as possible.
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Nutrition of dairy cows in various stages meantime, focusing on assessing the impact of nutrition on milk production and quality
HORKÝ, Jan
This thesis examines the nutrition of dairy cows at various interim phases, with a focus on assessing the impact of nutrition on milk quality and production. At the Kojčice agricultural cooperative in the village of Krasíkovice, I monitored nutrition and production parameters in Czech pied dairy cows over the course of one year. In the first section of the work, I focused on the technique and feeding of the dairy cows, the feed ration, and assessment of the feed itself. The corn silage which they were fed was rated first class. The clover silage was rated as first, second and even third class. Consultation regarding nutrition, feed analyses and composition of daily feed rations was provided by Mikrop Čebín. I also examined the state of health of the dairy cows and calves in relation to nutrition. The average yield was 6,450 kg of milk per cow per year. I monitored the individual components of the milk and evaluated how these changed over the course of the year. The average protein content was 3.48%, while fat was 4.12%. In another section, I evaluated economic indicators of milk production. The average cost per feed day was 143.51 CZK. The average production cost per liter of milk ranged around 8.51 CZK. The average purchase price per liter of milk was 7.65 CZK.
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Nutrition and feeding influence in relation to milk production of dairy cows
BARTUŠKA, Václav
The assessment of the level of nutrition of dairy cattle in relation to their milk pruduction was carried out under operating conditions. The focus was on the quality of the roughage feed, the feeding technique, the contents of the diet and the supply of nutrients. On the basis of operating and economic indicators, the milk production costs as well as an overall evaluation summing the individual observed periods have been calculated. The results of the observation of the level of nutrition over a three-year period indicate that the feed rations are prepared according to the optimal standards. In the observed periods, first quality* corn silage and first or second quality** corn silage was always used. The average efficiency of a cow reached 7 000 kg of milk per year. The average cost of one litre of thus produced milk was 9,30 CZK in an average day, and the average sum of money needed came in at 138,37 CZK.
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