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Nursing care of a patient after pulmonary lobectomy in an intensive care bed
VAŇKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nursing care for patienst after pulmonary lobectomy in the intensive care unit. Pulmonary lobectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of a lung lobe, most commonly due to lung cancer. The aim of this thesis was to identify the specific aspects of care for patients after pulmonary lobectomy, emphasize the importance of care for chest drains provided by educated nurses, and explore the significance of rehabilitation during recovery. The research was conducted using qualitative methods through interviews in the departments of cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, and vascular surgery. The research sample consisted of seven patients hospitalized in these departments and four doctors. The results of the research indicated that nurses responsible for the care of chest drains are well-trained, which contributes to a low incidence of complications associated with these drains. It was also found that early rehabilitation is crucial for successful recovery, as delayed rehabilitation can lead to numerous complications that limit patients' everyday activities. The study also examined the specifics of care for patients after pulmonary lobectomy, which in many aspects do not differ from care after other thoracic surgeries. The findings of this work confirm that patients after pulmonary lobectomy receive quality care from professionally trained staff. These insights can be used to educate new nurses and inform patients who are undergoing this procedure.
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Communication in hearing impaired people in primary care
SCHMIDTOVÁ, Adéla
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of communication for people with hearing impairment in primary care and is divided into two main parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on an overview of various hearing disorders, primary health care and specific aspects of communication with patients suffering from hearing disorders. It also deals with communication barriers and principles that can affect the quality of interaction between health professionals and patients. The goal of the research part of the bachelor's thesis was to map how communication between a patient with a hearing disorder and a nurse in primary care takes place. In addition, the work was focused on identifying the most common barriers and assessing patients' satisfaction with the level of understanding during the provision of nursing care. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to achieve these goals. The qualitative part included semi-structured interviews with people with hearing impairment, and the quantitative part included a questionnaire survey among nurses. The analysis of the data from the interview part took place by recording on a dictaphone, with the fact that I obtained verbal consent from all respondents. Recordings were deleted after data collection was completed. All the obtained data were transcribed into literary language and the results of the research investigation were analyzed using the method of text coloring. The same words were searched for in the answers of the respondents and then they were classified into individual groups with a similar focus. These groups were then categorized. Four categories and fifteen subcategories were created. Data analysis from the questionnaire survey was performed using IBM SPSS statistical software. The validity of the hypothesis was assessed using the chi-square test of independence and Fisher's exact test. The first research group included 15 people with hearing impairments. The second research set included 100 nurses who work in the offices of general practitioners, dentists or gynecologists. The results showed that successful communication between nurses and hearing-impaired patients requires adaptation to the individual needs of patients. The key elements of effective communication are slow and understandable speech, face-to-face contact, avoiding complex expressions and allowing mouth reading. These factors are essential to ensure that patients can understand the information correctly. Furthermore, the interviews showed that although most nurses follow the principles of effective communication, patients with hearing impairment emphasized the importance of creating a calm and suitable environment without distractions. The combination of the spoken and written word together with visual aids was rated as very effective. Patients also expressed a need for greater empathy and patience from healthcare professionals, with some respondents reporting a reduced quality of communication if nurses were engaged in other activities during the interview. Although patient satisfaction with communication with nurses was rated positively, several areas where improvement is needed were identified, particularly in the area of health professionals' attitudes and direct eye contact. Furthermore, it was found from the nurses' questionnaires that time constraints and high workload often prevent nurses from thorough communication. Quantitative research has shown that the level of knowledge of the principles of communication with hearing impaired patients differs significantly according to the level of education. Health workers with higher education show better knowledge than those with less education or specialized courses, suggesting that advanced education contributes to better communication skills.
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Specifics of nursing care for patients with mental illness in an internal ward.
LOJÍKOVÁ, Simona
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the specifics of nursing care for mentally ill patients in an internal medicine ward. The aim of the thesis was to determine which mental disorders nurses most frequently encounter in the internal medicine ward. Other set objectives of this thesis included finding out what knowledge nurses have about the principles of communication with patients diagnosed with mental illness and what experiences nurses have with nursing care for mentally ill patients in the internal medicine ward. Another goal was to determine the most serious risks in providing nursing care, both for patients and nurses. One of the additional objectives was to find out how nurses ensure the safety of patients with organic mental disorders in the internal medicine ward.
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The nurse's role in prevention of urinary tract infections
LIPAVSKÁ, Ivana
Abstract This bachelor thesis addresses the role of a nurse in preventing urinary tract infections in both healthy individuals and those at risk of developing urinary tract infections in everyday life as well as during hospitalization in a healthcare facility. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The aim of this thesis was to explore the role of nurses in UTI prevention. The practical part was conducted using a qualitative research method, in the form of semi-structured interviews and observation of selected procedures. The research sample consisted of nurses working in surgical departments, specifically in urology and surgery units. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 13 interviews and 4 observations. The research was conducted in April 2024. The contribution to nursing practice lies in summarizing the facts and collected data, which could serve as inspiration for nurses in their everyday practice. Furthermore, the thesis could serve as study material for students in healthcare fields. The results of the research indicate that nurses do not underestimate prevention and actively engage in UTI prevention in their daily practice. From the results of the surveyed nurses, it is evident that they possess theoretical knowledge about UTIs, their symptoms, and likely causes. They are familiar with UTI prevention issues and adhere to its utilization in both healthy individuals and selected at-risk groups commonly found in healthcare facilities. In the realm of healthcare-associated UTIs, nurses work to prevent them. They are aware of aseptic and antiseptic procedures, hygiene care, and barrier care necessary for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Additionally, they emphasize hand hygiene and disinfection among staff and the use of protective equipment to protect themselves, staff, and patients.
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Knowledge and skills of nurses in the care of a patient with a derivative stoma
HODYSOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of nurses' knowledge and skills in the care of the patient with a derivative stoma. The aim of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care for the patient with a derivation stoma. The next objective was to find out the problem areas of nursing care for the patient with a derivation stoma and the last objective was to evaluate the compliance with the standard of nursing care for the patient with a derivation stoma. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis starts with a brief anatomy of the organs that can be damaged to form a derivation stoma. In the next chapter, the thesis deals with the indications for the insertion of a derivation stoma. Subsequent chapters of the theoretical part describe the types of stomas and the complex nursing care of derivation stomas. The empirical part was developed through qualitative research using semi-structured interviews and direct open observation. A total of 10 nurses participated in the research. 3 nurses participated in the observation. The data collected from the nurses was processed using open coding, pencil and paper method. A total of 4 main categories were created, with the 3rd category subsequently divided into 8 subcategories. The results of the empirical part show that among the specifics of nursing care, we can certainly include sufficient knowledge of nurses in the areas of ostomy nutrition, quality education, and well chosen communication. Nurses must master the use of appropriate equipment and use it properly for hygiene and ostomy protection. Problem areas according to the results include sufficient patient and family education, knowledge of the specifics of ostomy nutrition, and adherence to intimacy and hygiene principles. Based on the results of the research, the content of this paper is beneficial for the medical staff involved in the nursing care of the patient with a derivation stoma. The work can serve as study material or also as a basis for professional seminars and training.
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The issue of fluid intake in hospitalized seniors
FRIDRICHOVSKÁ, Nicole
This bachelor's thesis is designed to address three key objectives: first, to evaluate how hospitalized seniors manage their fluid intake; second, to assess the methods used by nurses to determine the hydration status of these patients; and third, to examine the practices employed by nurses in maintaining adequate hydration levels for hospitalized seniors. To achieve these objectives, the study formulated five critical research questions: 1. How do hospitalized seniors manage their fluid intake? 2. How do nurses assess the hydration status of hospitalized seniors? 3. What methods of hydration assessment are preferred by nurses? 4. How frequently do nurses offer fluids to hospitalized seniors? 5. How do nurses perceive their role in the hydration care of hospitalized seniors? These questions guide the investigation into the practices and perceptions surrounding fluid management and hydration care in a hospital setting. In the empirical section of this study, a qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Two distinct interview guides were developed: one for conducting interviews with nurses and another for engaging with hospitalized seniors. These guides are included as appendices in this thesis (Annex 1 and Annex 2). For the interviews with hospitalized seniors, the questions were designed to gather comprehensive information about their fluid intake habits and their attitudes towards maintaining proper hydration. Conversely, the interview guide for nurses focused on their methods for assessing hydration status and the interventions they use to manage hydration in elderly patients. The research sample consisted of 10 nurses who frequently deal with fluid intake issues among elderly patients in their professional roles. Additionally, the study included 10 hospitalized seniors who are either experiencing dehydration or are at risk of it. The data collected from these interviews were analysed using open coding, employing a traditional "pencil and paper" approach to categorize and interpret the qualitative responses. Based on the data analysis from the interviews, I found some valuable information that can be followed in practice. This structured approach not only provides valuable information for students and healthcare professionals but also serves as a resource for individuals responsible for elderly care at home who are deeply concerned with effective hydration management.
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Nursing care for oncological patients in orthopedics
PODLAHOVÁ, Tereza
Oncological orthopedics is a specialization that combines orthopedics and oncology in cases of cancer of the musculoskeletal system. Musculoskeletal tumors, also known as mesenchymal tumors, arise from mesenchymal cells. These cells are present in the tissues associated with the musculoskeletal system, which are bones, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, ligaments, joints or subcutaneous tissue. Mesenchymal tumors can be benign, malignant or have transitional features. The most well-known types of mesenchymal tumors of the musculoskeletal system are sarcomas, which include osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and soft tissue sarcomas. Nursing care by a nurse is indicated when patients with cancer require nursing care as part of chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment or after surgery, when patients require nursing care during orthopedic procedures. The goal of the nurse is to support and maintain the patient in the best possible physical and mental condition, minimize possible complications of oncological treatment and thus improve the patient's quality of life. In this bachelor thesis three objectives are set. The first goal is to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for a patient with oncological orthopedic disease. The second goal is to map the nursing care for surgical wounds in patients with oncological orthopedic disease. The third goal is to define the skills of nurses in relation to the care of patients with oncological orthopedic disease. The empirical part of the bachelor's thesis is devoted to qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with practical and general nurses from an orthopedic clinic. The results of this bachelor's thesis can be used as a source of information not only for the professional public, but especially for students of general nurses interested in working in orthopedic and oncology departments, as well as for practical and general nurses as a supplement or extension of their knowledge and skills. The research highlighted the specifics of wound care and nursing care for orthopedic oncology patients, emphasising the need for a multidisciplinary team and the potential complications of treatment and care associated with this condition, as well as highlighting the key skills for nurses working with these patients. The research also highlighted the need for better mental hygiene and non-verbal communication and included several recommendations for improving care.
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Issues of nursing care for an obese patient in the intensive care unit
VLADAŘOVÁ, Markéta
Difficulties of nursing care for an obese patient in the intensive care unit Abstract The aim of this thesis is to present the difficulties of nursing care for obese patients in intensive care and to determine how this care affects the work of a general nurse. Two research questions were formulated: "Which difficulties do general nurses encounter when caring for obese patients in the intensive care unit?" and "How does nursing care for obese patients in the intensive care unit affect the work of a general nurse?" Additionally, seven hypotheses were established, which examined the knowledge of nurses in the field of nursing care for obese patients, depending on their length of practice, level of intensive care they working, and frequency of hospitalization of obese patients. Two other hypotheses focused on the difficulty of caring for obese patients, depending on the nurse's age and level of intensive care. The last two hypotheses examined the attitudes of nurses towards patients with obesity and overweight, depending on their length of practice. A mixed research strategy was used in the research, utilizing semi-structured interviews and an unstandardised questionnaire. Twelve nurses participated in the qualitative research and 200 nurses working in various levels of intensive care participated in the quantitative research. The results of the qualitative research showed that the biggest difficulty in intensive care units is the manipulation with obese patients, often due to a lack of personnel and adequate equipment. The results of the quantitative research confirmed a statistical dependence between the knowledge of nurses at nursing care for obese patients, depending on their length of practice and frequency of encounters with patients. A statistically significant difference in the assessment of the difficulty of caring for obese patients was observed only in the area of physical demands, depending on the nurse's age and the level of intensive care. Nurses' attitudes towards caring for obese patients were statistically dependent on their length of practice, while no statistically significant dependence was confirmed for patients with overweight. Given the increasing number of hospitalizations of obese patients in intensive care units, it is necessary to pay increased attention to this difficulties. It is necessary to ensure adequate staffing levels, provide training on proper manipulation with patients, ensure the availability of adequate tools, and develop nursing standards that will lead healthcare personnel to increase their professional knowledge required to provide adequate care for obese patients.
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Care of organs donors from the nurses perspektiv
ŽÁŽOVÁ, Veronika
The main goal of this thesis is to map the care management of organ donors after proven brain death (heart-beating donors) and donors after irreversible circulatory arrest (non-heart-beating donors), and the difference in the care between them. Above all, to find out whether nurses work according to a developed standard when taking care of organ donors. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information on transplantation medicine, its history, both foreign and Czech, organ donation legislation, transplantation centres, statistics of transplantations in the Czech Republic and cooperation of the Czech Republic with foreign countries in the field of transplantations. Other chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to organ donation after irreversible brain death or after circulatory arrest. Setting the diagnosis of brain death or circulatory arrest, classification of donors and the care of these donors after the diagnosis are described in more detail in these chapters. The theoretical part of the thesis includes possible methods of organ retrieval. A qualitative research survey, which was divided into two research parts,was used to achieve the goals, namely data collection on donors after brain death and donors after cardiac death. In the first research part of the thesis, 8 informants from departments of anaesthesiology and resuscitation in 4 different healthcare institutions were interviewed. The prerequisite was that the informants had extensive experience in the care of brain-dead donors. In the second research part, 4 informants were interviewed, who had experience with an organ donor after irreversible circulatory arrest. 2 anonymous semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The open coding method with pencil and paper technique was used to analyse the data. The analysis of the data on cardiac death donors helped us to gain insight into the donation process. At the same time we verified that organ donation after irreversible circulatory arrest is less frequent and challenging for all medical staff. After processing the data on brain-dead donors, we achieved a comprehensive overview of donor care in individual medical institutions. Only 2 of the healthcare facilities included in the research survey work in the care of organ donors according to a prepared manual/standard. Therefore, the outcome of the thesis is the recommendation to create a manual or nursing standard in individual institutions for comprehensive care of organ donors.
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The issue of invasive accesses in intensive care
ŠILHÁN, Daniel
In intensive care, invasive procedures represent an essential condition in the care of critically ill patients. In particular, the knowledge and skills in providing and taking care of them are crucial. The main objectives were to map the knowledge of non-physician medical staff in the intensive care environment regarding selected invasive procedures. Further, to identify the differences in adherence to recommended procedures in intensive care across different types of nursing education, and eventually, to determine the effect of the length of work experience on compliance with recommended procedures. The set objectives were achieved by means of a quantitative research survey using online questionnaires distributed among fellow healthcare professionals who had worked in intensive care for longer or shorter periods. The respondents were general nurses, with or without specialization in intensive care, and paramedics. Based on the results of the conducted research, several conclusions can be drawn. It was found that the research sample did not demonstrate adequate knowledge regarding the selected invasive procedures. The median value of the provided questionnaire was 60.6%, which is significantly less than the intended 70%. Furthermore, it has been shown that there were differences across different types of nursing educational attainment. Respondents with a high school diploma achieved the worst results on average (56.1%). People with a master's degree performed best on average (64.7%). Therefore, it can be concluded that adherence to recommended invasive procedures in intensive care depends on the education of the staff. Finally, the length of work experience of healthcare professionals did not prove to be a significant factor influencing adherence to recommended invasive procedures in intensive care.
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