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Health literacy of pregnant women
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Tereza
The Bachelor's Thesis "Health literacy of pregnant women" deals with knowledge of pregnant women with regard to a healthy lifestyle. The goal of this Bachelor's Thesis was to ascertain which the knowledge of the pregnant women about health and the healthy lifestyle during the pregnancy is. This Bachelor's Thesis is divided into two parts. Individual components of the healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and their problems are described in the first theoretical part. It also focuses on health literacy and an educational activity of a nurse-midwife. The second part consists of a research survey that concentrates on the knowledge of the pregnant women with regard to the healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. Five research questions were created on the basis of the stated goal. A qualitative research in a form of a semi structured conversation was used for the research survey. A research cohort comprised twelve pregnant women. After prior agreement and by the approval of the women, the conversations were recorded using a voice recorder with a transcription of the conversations in the text. Gathered data were processed, analysed and sorted into three categories (Preconception preparation, Foreknowledge of women, Lifestyle in pregnancy), which were divided into subcategories. The category Preconception preparation was divided into four subcategories (Intended pregnancy, Change in lifestyle, Vitamin supplements, Physical activity). The second category with the name Foreknowledge of women contains three subcategories (Components of healthy lifestyle, Information source, Prenatal courses). The third component Lifestyle in pregnancy includes six subcategories (Eating, Vitamin supplements, Risk factors - alcohol, smoking, Physical activity, Sexual intercourse, Travelling). Female informants, in which the pregnancy was intended, made efforts to change their present living customs in the area of eating, sport or risk behaviour within the scope of the preconception care. Improvement of the lifestyle followed also during the pregnancy. The women adjusted their dietary practices, food was regular, varied, rich in fruits and vegetables. The women had general knowledge of food, which they should cut down during pregnancy. Despite all efforts for adherence to the healthy eating, some women took the vitamin food supplements during the pregnancy. With regard to drinking habits, they preferred clean water or sweetened beverages. They mentioned the beverages containing alcohol or caffeine as unsuitably. But risk behaviour was very frequent. Some women consumed a small amount of the alcoholic beverages during the pregnancy, some women drank coffee containing caffeine and one female respondent smoked during the pregnancy. Nevertheless, it came out in the research survey that the female respondents have information with regard to the negative influences of alcohol or cigarettes. With respect to doing sports during the pregnancy, except one woman, they did sports safe and promoting health and they kept a good track of unsuitable activities during the pregnancy. With regard to travelling, they are more cautious, they fear for a health care in foreign countries. All women described an aeroplane as unsuitable and dangerous means of transport for the pregnant woman. They identified the Internet as the main source of information, but they also acquire information from friends, mothers or they derive from their previous pregnancy. Only some of them acquire information from the nurse-midwife, two of the respondent women take prenatal courses. Other female informants have already paid the prenatal courses. This implies from the research survey that only a small number of respondent women uses the consultancy and educational activity of the nurse-midwife. Information and results acquired with the research survey can help as a material for the nurse-midwives during the consultancy and educational activity.
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Monitoring of the status of the fetus during delivery by midwife
SVOBODOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with the fetal health monitoring performed by a midwife during childbirth. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical application. In the theoretical part I study the history of the fetal monitoring, compare the methods of the monitoring that were used in the past and I also present the development of the methods that are applied these days. The next chapter is focused on the auscultation of the heart sound, using stethoscope. Despite its limitations, this method is still widely utilized to specify the approximate health condition of the fetus. In the following chapter, I thoroughly deal with the technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat called the cardiotocography (CTG). In this chapter I also describe the principle of this method, particular heart-beat phenomena that can occur and the overall assessment of the cardiotocograph. The next chapter is aimed to study the selective methods that are always connected with the cardiotocography. First, I cover the intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry (IFPO), its principles and the values of the oxygen saturation (SpO2) during childbirth. Next, I present the ST waveform analysis of fetal electrocardiogram (STAN). Even in this chapter I first describe the principle of the method, then its application and finally, the conditions that have to be met for its usage. In the penultimate chapter, I deal with the nursing care. This chapter is focused on the nursing care at the fetal monitoring during the I. and II. stages of labour, during the intermittent and continuous monitoring and it is needless to say that the midwife´s reactions during the monitoring are also added. Finally, I deal with the fact of how the fetal monitoring during childbirth is viewed by lay people. The practical application part of the thesis is aimed at the fact of how women perceive the monitoring of their child during childbirth. One objective was set for this research. The goal was to find out how women perceive the fetal monitoring. Based on the goal of the thesis, three research questions arose. The first one was: What are the women´s feelings during the monitoring? The second research question dealt with the fact whether the women trusted the midwife in the process of monitoring. The last research question was supposed to address the issue of whether the women viewed the monitoring as restrictive. To gather the needed data, a qualitative research was applied, using semi-structured interviews. The research was carried out in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s., in the puerperium department, interviewing the women one day after either a vaginal birth or an unplanned operative birth in the month of April in 2013. I based my research on a random sample of nine women. From the data collected, all three research questions were answered. The research shows that the most common feelings of the women during the fetal monitoring were calmness and the certainty that their child was all right. By contrast, the prevailing negative feelings were uneasiness, uncertainty and even fear. Next, all the female respondents said that they had trusted the midwife and mainly because of their professional and individual approach that the midwives had applied towards them. Moreover, I discovered that the women whose fetus was being monitored intermittently didn?t perceive any restrictions. One of the women whose fetus was being monitored continuously said that she had felt restricted to a certain extent and mainly in the freedom of movement. The results show that women view the monitoring in a positive way, mainly as a valuable source of information about their children and their current health.
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