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Numerosity in musicians
VOTAVOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis focuses on a description of a connection between music and numerosity which is related to non-symbolic mathematics. It deals with the possibilities of how early intensive music training can affect mathematical skills, especially the approximal numerical system (ANS). Approximal numerical system ranks among three basic mathematical systems which form the basis of symbolic mathematics. In addition to the possibilities of connecting music and mathematics, the bachelor thesis also deals with mathematical anxiety which most often arises during the first contact with school mathematics and significantly affects the development of mathematical skills in gifted individuals. This thesis presents indisputable evidence that music training has an effect on mathematical skills and it could be used to train an approximate numerical system and thereby improve mathematical performance and as the case may be reduce mathematical anxiety. However, the main goal of this thesis is not only to provide evidence of the connection between music and mathematics but also to be used as an impulse for the further research
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Numerosity in college students of math; event-related potential
VESELÝ, Denis
This bachelor thesis deal with design proposal of description of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) influence, on approximal arithmetic tasks; at college math students. We focuses on description of neural correlates of number processing; measured through brain activity of performance at tasks mentioned above. Second interest of ours, aims for analysis of possible behavioral influence, arises in these tasks. Approximate number system (ANS) is one of theoretical neurocognitive systems, responsible for such processing. And thus, it creates basis for symbolic math understanding. As this, there is strong research interest for investigation of its functions. Nevertheless, it seems like there is just trifling number of works, which are focused on hypothetical SAT influence on collected evidence. Despite the fact, that SAT is rather important phenomenon in cognitive science. It describes individual's tendency, for trading reaction speed for reaction accuracy and vice versa. And so, this work pursue description of ANS and SAT, propose possibilities of testing both phenomena and also tries to illustrate theoretical future of researches of similar character.
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Neural corelates of arithmetic functions
PLASSOVÁ, Michala
This present thesis is focused on the description of relation between brain activity while solving approximate arithmetic tasks and results in Stanford Binet's intelligence test in preschool children. The influence of N1, N2 and P2p components and late posterior components on non-symbolic numerical processing has been validated. Furthermore, it is the influence of maturation with each measured component and also the difference in their amplitude and their commencement after the stimulus presentation that must be pointed out. Our research data show that it is the very amplitude and its commencement that can be used as a potential intelligence indicator in preschool children. Both these components are related to cognitive processing time which has repeatedly proved to correlate with G intelligence factor. It is especially N2 component, which is connected with inhibitiory control of executive functions, that seems to have the potential for this diagnosis. Generally, it is P2p component that is given major attention. Nevertheless, in our research, this component has shown inconsistent results with respect to the amplitude which can be attributed to a low variance of our children's intelligence.
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Numerosity in college students
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems of numerosity among university students studying humanities. The aim is to compare mathematical abilities and rough mathematical estimation of people studying humanities. The theoretical part deals with mathematical abilities and their disruption, numerosity and especially the definition of the aproximal numerical system. Electroencephalography or EEG, which is the method by which the data for this research was obtained, is described. The practical part is divided into two parts, when the probands are tested first. It works with a standardized test, which further allows to divide probands into mathematically gifted and non-gifted. The main part of the research is the analysis of acquired data using electroencephalograph (EEG), which enables comparison between the above mentioned target groups. The aim of this thesis is to extend information about numerosity. The research included a total of 8 probands, who were at the age from 19 to 25. The results of this research showed that, in contrast to previous research, when there was significant activity in the parietal part on the left side, significant activity could be seen in the parietal-occipital and occipital regions on both sides (not just the left side). In addition, a correlation was demonstrated in probands who achieved above-average results in the Intelligence Test (IST Structure Test) and the rough mathematical estimate was processed faster. Probands who achieved below-average results in the Intelligence Test had slower processing of rough mathematical estimation. However, it turned out that although probands with above-average mathematical intelligence processed the result sooner, their reaction time was longer.
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Numerosity in children with Asperger syndrome
KLEMPÍŘOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis focuses on the description of a rough mathematical estimate in children with the diagnosis of Asperger´s Syndrome using cognitive evoked potentials. The theoretical part describes Asperger´s Syndrome, electroencefalography, also known as EEG, and cognitive evoked potentials, abbreviated as ERP that have allowed the acquisition and description of final data. Last but not least, asymbolical mathematics is described, as well as systems participating on rough mathematical estimate, their neuroanatomy, development of mathematical abilities in school children, and numerosity in children with autism. The empirical part describes research methodology the objective of which is to describe the ability of rough mathematical estimate in children suffering from Asperger´s Syndrome. Six subjects, aged 10 to 14 took part in the research. Data of neural type, obtained by an electroencelogram, was processed by the Matlab programme, using the EEGlab toolbox. Both, the final EEG and behavioural analysis included all six subjects. The final analysis has proved, as well as previous research following this topic, significant activity in the parietal area. It has been proved that participants who reached results above the average within the subtest of Figures Within the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test also proved faster processing than participants who reached average results in the Figures subtest. The behavioural analysis may allow a presumption of a relation between symbolical and nonsymbolical mathematics. Results have proven that participants successful above the average in the Figures subtest reach a faster processing, meaning that rough mathematical estimate happens faster.
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