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Moths as nocturnal pollinators in the tropics
Barták, Michal ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
in English In this thesis, I reviewed the available knowledge on the role of moths in the pollination of flowering plants in tropical ecosystems. Moths appeared as relatively frequent visitors of flowers with moth-attracting adaptations. Moths were proved to be essential pollinators of some specialized plant species. An obligatory mutualism with micromoths was found in more than 550 highly specialized plant species. Macromoths appeared as effective pollinators of numerous tropical shrubs, trees, and herbs from numerous plant families. Moths were the only recorded visitors and/or pollinators in several cases. In communities, plant species with moth pollination syndromes were relatively uncommon, and moths were generally infrequent visitors of their flowers, which could also be affected by abiotic factors. The proportion of actually moth-pollinated plant species in communities was even slightly lower than the proportion of plants with moth pollination syndromes in other areas. Some moths (e.g., hawkmoths) can thieve nectar from virtually any shorter-spurred/tubed flowers with their long proboscis. Other moths were reported as nectar thieves in some too accessible flowers. However, moths were reported to be rare nectar thieves and prefer visiting the flowers they also pollinate. This thesis should...
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Effectivity and utilisation of different methods of moths research
Palivcová, Lucie ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Vrba, Pavel (referee)
Sampling of data on moth communities is essential for our better understanding of their biology. This thesis is focused on different moth sampling methods, with a special aim to light catching as the most effective way how to attract them. Various sampling methods are described together with review of published knowledge of their effectivity, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Individual sampling is suitable for studying of preselected particular species. Interception traps are used for studying of flying corridors. Selected groups of moth can be attracted by various baits or caught by colored pan traps, bait traps and pheromone traps. Common and highly useful is attracting of moths using light. Light source can significantly affect sampling efficiency. The most species and individuals are attracted by shortwave light, but particular preferences are species and sexes specific. Understanding of methodology and moth behavior can improve study of them and should bring new knowledge of their conservation or management of moth pests.
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Diversity of moths in the former military training area Ralsko.
Majer, Lukáš ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Military training areas are increasingly recognized as areas of high biodiversity habitats for many species, including protected or endangered species. These areas are the subject of frequent cases of protection.
The aim of this work is to map the diversity of nocturnal species of butterflies in the former military training area with portable light traps support UV light.
The data were collected during the period from the beginning of May 2016 to the end of September 2016 at six sites in two areas (airports Castle, Vrchbělá) at each station was located one light trap. Habitat structure varied vegetation around trap.
Totally was carried 144 kinds of 9 families. Carried out research showed that the two regions have relatively high taxonomic diversity of the studied group of insects. There were identified two species from the Red List (Lycophotia molothina and Coscinia cribraria) and several major specialized species. This work highlights the importance of former military sites in terms of biodiversity conservation species of butterflies. To maintain high habitat and species diversity is therefore appropriate to imitate military disturbance for example mowing vegetation, cutting of trees, the operation of driving off-road vehicles, motocross, horse riding or even shows historical military equipment.
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Vliv stupně zakmenění na faunu nočních motýlů
Vyhlídal, Martin
This thesis deals with a investigation of the forest night night Lepidoptera. There is in introduction a review about problemacy of coppiced and coppiced forests with standards in the relation to the day and night active Lepidoptera species. There are also presented research localities of the project TARMAG and there are introduced wider spatial relations. My particular research was done on these localities, which are under management of the project TARMAG together with ŠLP Masarykův les Křtiny. The management is like coppiced forest with standards volume of tree stands is between 4--10. During the years 2012 and 2013 I collected 8 times on each locality by using light traps, totally I collected 24 times altogether. There were collected 152 species (151 specimens of night Lepidoptera which belong to 10 families. From point of view of absolute numbers, the higher proportion of species was found in not managed stand forest, then in coppiced one. The question is, if it was due to lack of management or due other factors.
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Noční motýli jako indikátory kvality zemědělské krajiny a úrovně biodiverzity při různém režimu hospodaření
Šafář, Jaroslav
This work deals with a research of moth species diversity in selected vineyards of southern Moravia that are often located in the vicinity of specially protected areas and often directly linked to them. When using sound agricultural practices, vineyards can provide a kind of stepping stones for a large number of endangered and rare species in their path to find suitable habitats to survive, or the environment of vineyards may be partially or even permanently colonized. During 2010 and 2011 in six vineyards and two forest-steppe areas, 8,061 specimens belonging to 309 species (12 families) of moths were collected using portable light traps. Based on some ecological indices, DCA, RDA, CCA analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient, etc., the relationship between moths and the influence of farming in the vineyards (conventional, integrated, organic) in terms of agro-technical practices and the influence of natural and semi-natural habitats in intermediate vineyards surrounding on the moth communities of the monitored localities was evaluated. The results show that species diversity increases with vineyards having cover crop in the absence of application of chemical insecticides and especially with maintaining selffloristic succession in vineyard alleyways with cover crop. In RDA and CCA analysis, certain species responded significantly to the influence of studied factors of vineyard farm management, and for some species there was a significant effect of habitats in the immediate vicinity of monitored areas, but this effect did not reach statistical significance such as vineyard management factors examined.
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Habitat association of moths (Lepidoptera: Macrolepidoptera) in a structurarly diverse nature reserve (Koda National Nature Reserve, Cesky Kras)
ZÁVITKOVSKÁ, Lenka
Based on light trapping carried out in 2010, I studied moth communities of the Koda National nature reserve, part of Český kras landscape protected area, in order to compare moth communities inhabiting major biotope types within the reserve. The obtained material consisted of 295 species in 4455 individuals. Steppe enclaves hosted more species than overgrown coppices and beech-dominated high forests. Ordination analyses distinguished between steppe and forest biotopes. Steppe catches differed from forest catches in habitat associations of constituent species (more species of grassland habitats), whereas the two forest types did not differ in this. Identical patterns applied for all moths analysed together and for analyses restricted to Geometridae and Noctuidae moths. Steppic enclaves represent the most valuable sites within the Koda reserve.
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