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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Hamříková, Dominika ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis protein content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was studied. The crop was cultivated in conditions with ambient (AC) and elevated (EC; 700 mol•mol-1) carbon dioxide concentration. Moreover, half of the samples was fertilized with nitrogen in an amount of 200 kg•ha-1. Other observed environmental factors were drought and UV radiation. The gliadin proteins were separated by A PAGE method and quantified by computer densitometry. Generally the protein content within , and gliadin fractions varied, while the protein content of gliadins remained unchanged or almost unchanged. Clearly the nitrogen fertilization had the most pronounced impact on the gliadin protein content and it significantly increased the protein content in wheat grain. Most subfractions reacted in conditions of AC, drought and without UV radiation and in conditions of EC with natural rainfall and UV radiation. The interaction of nitrogen fertilization with UV radiation (AC, drought) was significant and so was the interaction of nitrogen fertilization excluding UV radiation (EC, drought). The interaction of nitrogen fertilization and natural rainfall significantly increased the protein content in conditions of AC without UV radiation and in conditions of EC with UV radiation. EC alone and the interaction of EC with other factors had only a small impact. The impact was the most pronounced in interaction with nitrogen fertilization. EC with nitrogen fertilization (drought without UV radiation) increased the gliadin protein content and EC excluding nitrogen fertilization (drought and natural rainfall with UV radiation) decreased the protein content.
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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on gliadins content in winter wheat
Odstrčilová, Eva ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the impacts of both nitrogen fertilization and drought on the content of proteins of the gliadin fraction in case of a winter wheat variety Tiguan were observed. Selected samples were cultivated at two locations in a total duration of two years. Two different conditions were selected: one without the nitrogen fertilization (0 kg N/ ha) and the other with the nitrogen fertilization in 140 kg N/ ha concentration. Second observed factor was the drought which was ensured by roofs above the crops and their cultivation in common climatic environment. Gliadin fraction was separated by the A-PAGE method and the protein quantification carried out by a computer densitometry. Such nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase of gliadins, especially -1,2 and -5 fractions. Stress induced by the drought caused an increase of gliadin content compared to the control sample, particularly in case of - and - fractions. The most important factor influencing the gliadin content in grains was therefore the nitrogen fertilization in a dry environment. The observed increase of gliadin content was lower in case of the sample which was fertilized in a humid environment than in case of the sample which was fertilized in the dry one.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Šimíčková, Adéla ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the impact of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen fertilization and UV radiation on the content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was cultivated in conditions with ambient and elevated (700 mol mol-1) CO2 concentrations. Nitrogen nutrition (200 kg N ha-1) was added to half of the samples, while the another half of samples remained unfertilized. Plants were grown in greenhouses both with shielded UV-B radiation and with normal UV radiation. Environment with natural rainfall was the same for all of these variants. Gliadins were extracted by 2-chlorethanol, separated by A-PAGE method and subsequently quantified by computer densitometry. Significant increase of gliadin proteins was noticed in conditions of nitrogen fertilization in natural UV radiation, both in elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas in an eliminated UV-B radiation significant effect of nitrogen was not observed. Therefore UV radiation influenced in combination with nitrogenous nutrition as stimulative factor. However, statistically significant impact of evelated CO2 concentration on gliadin content was not proved.
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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on glutenins content in winter wheat
Vostrejš, Pavel ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis the effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought stress on glutenin fraction of winter wheat (Triticum aestitivum L.) were studied. Winter wheat cultivar Tiguan was grown under different rainfall mode, on the one hand in drought (DRY), on the other hand in normal downfall (WET). Part of the samples was treated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 140 kg / ha (N140), the other part remained without fertilization (N0). After the gliadins were separated, the glutenins from the samples were extracted with 50% isopropanol with 1% DTT. Individual glutenin fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE and quantified by computer densitometry. The drought did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the glutenin subunits. Nitrogen fertilization caused an increase in the total amount of glutenin as well as the amount of individual subunits. Interaction of water regime treatment and fertilization has not led to an increase in glutenin levels in HMW 3 GS and LMW 5 GS in DRY conditions.
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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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Vyhodnocení efektivnosti aplikace dusíku v minerálních hnojivech při pěstování ozimé pšenice
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen application in mineral fertilizers in winter wheat cultivation. The results of an international competition on crop management practices of this crop conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz, Ltd. in the years 2014-2018 were processed. A total of 279 variants of crop management practices were compared in small plot field experiments (2014-46, 2015-51, 2016-56, 2017-64, 2018-62). The indicators chosen for evaluation were the total nitrogen dose (kg/ha), grain yield (t/ha) and crude protein content in the grain (%). Grain yields were significantly influenced by the weather conditions in each year. In all years, with decreasing total nitrogen dose, the variability of grain yield gradually increased. A significant increase in grain yield variability was observed for total nitrogen doses lower than 140-150 kg/ha N. Nevertheless, some variants of crop management with low nitrogen doses achieved yields comparable to variants with a total nitrogen dose higher by 50-60 kg/ha N. These economically beneficial results were achieved by optimizing all cultivation measures during the crop management in accordance with the properties of the cultivated variety and the course of the weather. A reduction of nitrogen consumption by 50 kg/ha, reduces the risk of nitrate contamination of the environment and also represents a saving of CZK 2,714/ha, at the average price of nitrogen of CZK 54.3/kg in commonly used mineral fertilizers in 2022. The change in nitrogen doses also affected the content of crude protein in the grain. In all years, a negative relationship was found between the yield and crude protein content in the grain. With an increase in grain yield by one tonne per hectare, the crude protein content in the grain decreased by 0.12-0.35%, and on average by 0.24%.
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The barley growing in terms of selected agricultural company
ČÍTKOVÁ, Šárka
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to quantify the effect of the form of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of barley. For this purpose, a pilot experiment was established on a family farm near Tábor. The experiment was based into two variants: variant I using a solid form of nitrogen fertilizer - ammonium nitrate and variant II using a liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer - urea. The nitrogen dose for both variants was 100 kg.ha-1 No. b. The monitored indicators were the number of ears per m2, the number of grains in the ear, 1,000 K weight, the proportion of front grain, the content of crude protein and germination. In the number of ears per m2, the number of grains, the proportion of front grain, the crude proteinand germination, the variant using ammonium nitrate reached higher values. The 1,000 K weight value was the same for both variants.
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Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley
Simor, J. ; Klem, Karel ; Psota, V.
Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the grain, however, leads to an unbalanced proportion to the proteins, and their relative content decreases. This is particularly apparent in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The interactive effects of EC, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability are, however, not yet sufficiently understood. Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of EC (expected by the end of this century 700 ppm) and drought, the effect of these interactions on protein content, and other quality parameters of spring barley grain was studied. EC reduced grain protein content, increased extract, Kolbach index and also summary Malting quality index. Such effect was more pronounced under higher nitrogen dose, which generally worsened malting quality parameters. Reduced water availability slightly enhanced all malting quality parameters and also showed slight synergistic effect to EC. No clear interactive effects on malting quality were found for nitrogen nutrition and water availability.
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Starch and protein yield in potatoes for starch production
MIČKA, Michal
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the starch and protien content in selected potato variarients in relation to nitrogen fertilization. The literature review is a general introduction to the given problem. In the year 2018, a one-year field trial was established where three starch yield varieties Anatori, Hermes a Ornella were observed. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in two variants. The first variant was fertilized in the spring before planting with a dose of 73 kg N/ha, the second with a dose of 111 kg N/ha.In the experiment, tuber yield, average tuber weight, starch content, starch yield, dry matter content, and crude protein yield were evaluated. In the monitored year of 2018, which had above-average temperatures and on the contrary lowerprecipitation, the best evaluation was the application of higher nitrogen fertilizerswitha dose of 111 kg N/ha. Higher application of nitrogen fertilizers compared to lower dose increased potato tuber yield (t/ha), starch (%) and starch yield (t/ha).
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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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