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Beta-lactam Antibiotics Level Monitoring in Febrile Neutropenia Patients and Patients with Sepsis
Zavřelová, Alžběta ; Žák, Pavel (advisor) ; Válková, Veronika (referee) ; Krejčí, Marta (referee)
Beta - lactam antibiotics level monitoring in febrile neutropenia patients and patients with sepsis. Monitoring of antibiotic blood concentration in hemato-oncological patients was primary objective of this work. Monitoring of antibiotics level were done mainly in antibiotics used for gram-negative infections treatment (piperacilline, meropenem, ceftazidime) or for the treatment of febrile immunocompromised patient, usually neutropenic. For individual pharmacokinetics evaluation blood concentration were taken during the administration of prolonged antibiotics infusion. It was further used to create population model. Monte Carlo simulation was then used for creation of final model and for demonstration of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics goals. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics goals were primary aim of whole study for different antibiotics during the use in stable hemato-oncological patients but also critical patients. Clinical data were used for further study, where we proved high clinical efficacy of high dose ceftazidime in the treatment of extended drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hemato-oncological patients.
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Výživa při léčbě leukémie
Durďáková, Michaela
The Bachelor´s thesis Nutrition of leukemia patients during treatment identifies the basics of nutrition including specific demands in the case of various diseases. It is focused on oncological patients, in particulars people affected by leukemia. The first two chapters present information regarding nutrition basics and their influence on three main diseases of Western civilization. Chapters three and four deal with the development of oncological diseases, especially leukemia. Furthermore, the treatment and possible side effects of anti-tumour treatment are discussed there. The last chapter addresses the patient´s nutrition during cancer treatment including the determination of patient´s nutritional state and support in the form of artificial nutrition. The most specific part of leukemia patient´s nutrition, the neutropenic diet, is also presented in the thesis.
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Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome in a Border Collie Dogs
Brunclíková, Tereza ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
Border Collie comes from the part of the United Kingdom which is called Border Country. It's a herding dog, which should be obedient, smart, lively, and attentive. For breeding, Border Collies must fulfil bonitation conditions. One of the mandatory tests is the test on hereditary neutropenia. Hereditary neutropenia is a disease which causes a fatal immune system failure.
Immunity; or defences; is one of the basic features for survival. Basic ability of cells of the immune system is to recognize when in contact with other molecules the structure is inherent or not. Memory, which is another ability of the immune system, ensures a prompter, more intensive, and quicker response when meets already identified antigen repetitively.
Neutrophils are granulocytes (a type of white blood cells), which contain granules. These granules have active substances which participate in inflammation and allergic reactions. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow. They are brought by bloodstream to the site of inflammation where they phagocytose bacteria.
Hereditary neutropenia (Trapped Neurophil Syndrome - TNS) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease. Hereditary disease is transferred from parents to offspring. In an autosomal recessive disease a feature is transferred by a recessive allele. A monitored feature is phenotypically shown just with recessive homozygotes. Heterozygotes are with no clinical signs of the disease but they cannot be phenotypically distinguished from dominant homozygotes.
TNS is characterized by a significant lack of neutrophils in blood because they are not brought from the bone marrow into the blood circulation. This is caused by retention at the site of their origin - in the bone marrow.
It is assumed that all cases of TNS are derived from one ancestor because in the pedigrees they have the same ancestor in the past six generations.
Development of an affected dog is generally slowed down. Puppies have smaller size; and for TNS disease is typical a shape of facial skull which resembles a ferret. The individuals suffer from fever and swollen joints. Affected dogs are dying at an early age because of immune system failure.
It was found that hereditary neutropenia is very similar to Cohen syndrome, which is a human disease. Both diseases have similar symptoms; it has been proved that both are caused by mutation of the same gene.
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