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Stereological quantification of striatal NPY-positive interneurons and their genetic modification by the AAV5 viral vector
Smolík, Matyáš ; Janíčková, Helena (advisor) ; Chvojková, Markéta (referee)
Different types of interneurons in the striatum are still relatively poorly understood, especially compared to other parts of the brain such as the cortex or hippocampus. One of the lesser-known types of striatal interneurons that has received increasing attention recently, are neuropeptide Y-expressing interneurons (NPY+ interneurons). Available work indicates that these interneurons are controlled by striatal cholinergic interneurons and thus they may serve as mediators of cholinergic modulation in the striatum. The first aim of this thesis is to determine the absolute number of NPY+ interneurons in the mouse dorsal striatum by stereology, using a transgenic mouse model that shows GFP expression in NPY+ neurons. The second aim of this thesis is to use stereology to determine the volume of the dorsal striatum that we are able to target with viral expression when using a standard stereotactic injection protocol commonly used in our laboratory. The third aim of this study is to test the behavioural effect of knock down of the beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed by NPY+ interneurons in the dorsal striatum. The work should serve as a first step in a study that will ultimately allow us to develop a quantitative idea of the absolute and relative number of NPY+ interneurons in...
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Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis
Smitka, Kvido ; Nedvídková, Jara (advisor) ; Kršek, Michal (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
Title: Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis Objective: Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN), are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The main features of BN are binge-eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The appetite-modulating peptide ghrelin is secreted by the stomach and shows a strong release of growth hormone (GH). A potential GH-ghrelin feedback loop between stomach and the pituitary has been recently reported. Acipimox (Aci), an analogue of nicotinic acid, inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT) and reduces plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. Exercise and Aci are stimulators of GH secretion. We suppose that a negative feedback from increased GH levels during exercise may play a role in reducing plasma ghrelin levels. We surmised that altered baseline activity and exercise-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in excessive stimulation of lipolysis associated with negative energy balance and may lead to abnormal AT metabolism in patients with BN. Disruption of the gut-brain-AT axis might be involved in the pathogenesis of BN. The...
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Sleep related neurohumoral regulation of weight management
Havelková, Jarmila ; Tomešová, Jitka (advisor) ; Suchánek, Pavel (referee)
Over the past three decades, it has been confirmed that the alarming increase in number of obese patients is related to the sleep duration and its quality. Neurohumoral response to short sleep duration and poor sleep quality leads to decreased levels of melatonin, leptin and orexin, asto increased levels of cortisol, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y. Such an inaccurate regulation contributes both to excessive intake of energy-dense diet and to the reduction of energy expenditure during physical activity. The bachelor thesis summarizes recent information about the relationship of sleep and obesity, focusing on hormones and peptides involved in the regulation of energy balance processes, including the posssibility to use their mechanisms for weight control.
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Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis
Smitka, Kvido ; Nedvídková, Jara (advisor) ; Kršek, Michal (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
Title: Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis Objective: Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN), are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The main features of BN are binge-eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The appetite-modulating peptide ghrelin is secreted by the stomach and shows a strong release of growth hormone (GH). A potential GH-ghrelin feedback loop between stomach and the pituitary has been recently reported. Acipimox (Aci), an analogue of nicotinic acid, inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT) and reduces plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. Exercise and Aci are stimulators of GH secretion. We suppose that a negative feedback from increased GH levels during exercise may play a role in reducing plasma ghrelin levels. We surmised that altered baseline activity and exercise-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in excessive stimulation of lipolysis associated with negative energy balance and may lead to abnormal AT metabolism in patients with BN. Disruption of the gut-brain-AT axis might be involved in the pathogenesis of BN. The...
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