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Phytochemical studies of potential phytopharmaceuticals using separation methods
Dulendarova, Elizabeta Hristiyanova ; Jenčo, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Křoustková, Jana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Elizabeta Hristiyanova Dulendarova Supervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Jenčo, Ph.D. Title of dissertation thesis: Phytochemical Studies of Potential Phytopharmaceuticals using Separation Methods The main aim of this diploma thesis was the identification of main alkaloidal components from the fraction of Papaver rhoeas L. (family Papaveraceae) alkaloidal extract - fraction PR-12-23. The introduction to the theoretical part summarizes alkaloids found in Papaver rhoeas L. and describes the separation methods used in the isolation process at the department of Phamacognosy and Pharmaceutical botany. Two main compounds within the extract were identified and separated based on HPTLC, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS chromatographic separation methods. For the subsequent fractions, the HPLC method development, optimization, and scaling up from analytical to preparative scale was done. After identification with the help of analytical HPLC and GC, the compounds were separated into fractions, isolated using preparative HPLC, and identified using NMR. The purified isolates were tested for anti-butyrylcholinesterase and cytotoxic biological activity, linked to AD and cancer, respectively. The first...
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Biological activity evaluation of substances of natural origin I.
Kupčíková, Júlia ; Suchánková, Daniela (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical botany Candidate: Júlia Kupčíková Supervisor: PharmDr. Daniela Suchánková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Biological activity evaluation of substances of natural origin I. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairments. Manifestation of this disease is associated with decreased level of acetylcholine. Current treatment of AD is symptomatic and involves mainly restoring of acetylcholine levels through cholinesterase inhibition. Galanthamine, one of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors indicated for the treatment of AD belongs to Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Therefore, other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and their derivatives are prepared and studied for similar inhibitory properties. Amaryllidaceae alkaloid vittatine does not have cholinesterase inhibitory properties, but previous findings proved that some vittatine derivatives have potency to inhibit both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Seven new semisynthetic derivatives of vittatine were prepared and studied for their inhibitory potential against both cholinesterases, using the Ellman's method. Significant BuChE inhibitory activity was...
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Drugs used in clinical practice with the origin in plants
Šímová, Markéta ; Suchánková, Daniela (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles Univerzity, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical botany Author: Markéta Šímová Supervisor: PharmDr. Daniela Hulcová Ph.D. Title of thesis: Active substances used in clinical practice originating in plant sources Key words: active substance, plant source, development, analgesics, local anesthetics, antineoplastics, sympathomimetics, parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, antispasmodics. Since time immemorial, plants have been used to treat various diseases, but it is not known what is behind their healing effect. It managed to find out with the development of pharmacy and chemistry. The first substances were isolated and their mechanism of action was elucidated. It was found that the substances themselves have a better and more efficient effect than the mixture, but also a number of side effects. The effort of experts was to remove them, which managed to prepare a lot of derivatives and in many cases they had even higher effect. With the development of new technologies, synthetically produced substances have come to the fore and it is already forgotten that many clinically used drugs have their origins in nature. This thesis deals with substances that originate in plant sources and are used in clinical practice as medicinal...
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Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances
Nechanická, Lenka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Lenka Nechanická Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances The discovery of new active substances and plants with a potential antiprotozoal effect nowadays is the aim of many studies and is required for obtaining more active drugs in a number of protozoal disease. In this study was investigated antiprotozoal activity of extracts obtained from various plant parts Salvia officinalis, Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum, Evodia rutaecarpa, Coptis chinensis, Zanthoxylum nitidum and Ziziphus jujuba. Effect of the tested extracts was evaluated in a typical unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila using MTT method. From the values obtained the percent inhibition was detected Tetrahymena thermophila and for each extract value calculated median inhibitory concentrations IC50. Of the extracts tested had the greatest antiprotozoal activity of the extract of C. chinensis, further extracts activity decreases in the order C. chinensis > Z. nitidum > Z. jujuba > S. officinalis > E. rutaecarpa > A. graveolens L. var. rapaceum Key words: antiprotozoal activity, Tetrahymena thermophila, cytotoxicity, natural substances
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The influence of selected didactical aids in environmental education at kindergarten.
SUCHÁNKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis deals with selected didactic tools used in environmental education which is an integral part of the educational process in kindergartens. The theoretical part defines environmental education, its position in the framework educational programme, methods, goals and risks. It also deals with the upbringing and education of the target group, i.e. pre-school children. The practical part includes a collection of materials with activities which use real natural materials as didactic tools. The activities from the collection were applied to a heterogeneous group of children in the age of 5-6 years. The educational offer was complemented by other activities than only those environment-focused (these are only a part of it) for the sake of complex development of children. Some activities are complemented by worksheets or record sheets
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Evaluation of natural substances using in vivo tests with Artemia salina
Ježková, Vendula ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Author: Vendula Ježková Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of natural substances using in vivo tests with Artemia salina Biological activity evaluation of substances is important because of toxic effect's assessment on chemical and physiological functions of organisms and their parts. For acute toxicity evaluation was used crustacean Artemia salina in this study. They were tested aqueouses extracts isolated from various plant drugs of Salviae folium, Apii semen, Coptidis rhizoma, Evodiae fructus, Zanthoxyli radix and Ziziphi fructus and two isolated alkaloids galanthamine and huperzine A. For each extract and alkaloid was calculated value of lethal concentration LC50. Results of this study showned, that the extract of Coptis chinensis, LC50 = 0,134 ± 0,004 mg/ml, had most toxic effects. Further the extract's toxicity decreased in the order Ziziphus jujuba, LC50 = 0,817 ± 0,165 mg/m > Zanthoxylum nitidum, LC50 = 1,154 ± 0,015 mg/ml > Salvia officinalis, LC50 = 2,074 ±0,462 mg/ml > Evodia rutaecarpa, LC50 = 2,166 ± 0,244 mg/ml > Apium graveolens, LC50 = 4,041 ± 0,108 mg/ml. Tested alkaloids don't demonstrated any toxicity activity in determinated...
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Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances
Nechanická, Lenka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Lenka Nechanická Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances The discovery of new active substances and plants with a potential antiprotozoal effect nowadays is the aim of many studies and is required for obtaining more active drugs in a number of protozoal disease. In this study was investigated antiprotozoal activity of extracts obtained from various plant parts Salvia officinalis, Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum, Evodia rutaecarpa, Coptis chinensis, Zanthoxylum nitidum and Ziziphus jujuba. Effect of the tested extracts was evaluated in a typical unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila using MTT method. From the values obtained the percent inhibition was detected Tetrahymena thermophila and for each extract value calculated median inhibitory concentrations IC50. Of the extracts tested had the greatest antiprotozoal activity of the extract of C. chinensis, further extracts activity decreases in the order C. chinensis > Z. nitidum > Z. jujuba > S. officinalis > E. rutaecarpa > A. graveolens L. var. rapaceum Key words: antiprotozoal activity, Tetrahymena thermophila, cytotoxicity, natural substances
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