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Evaluation of Power Efficiency of Radioactive Waste Management Technologies Used in the Czech Republic
Penzinger, Pavel ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of power efficiency of technologies for the radioactive waste management used in the Czech Republic. Thesis is divided into two main parts – theoretical part and a practical part. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with a brief description of the organization connected with radioactive waste operating in the Czech Republic and storage of low and intermediate level waste in the Czech Republic. This is followed by various kinds of radioactive waste division according to Czech legislation and regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency. There is also a description of the most used technologies and methods o of radioactive waste management technology used in the Czech Republic and world. Practical part contains specific evaluation of energy efficiency of each technology for the radioactive waste management. Each evaluation contains the energy efficiency of production use materials and transport. Evaluates are technologies used consistently and for sufficient quantities. Energy efficiency is describe from the place of origin of radioactive waste, which is the Nuclear power plant Dukovany, Nuclear power plant Temelín and ÚJV Řež, a.s. The end of description is the repository site of radioactive waste Dukovany for radioactive waste from nuclear power plants or disposal site Richard for institutional radioactive waste.
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Secondary raw materials production from municipal waste
Kouřil, Čeněk ; Gregor, Jiří (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The main purpose of the bachelor thesis is to give an overview of the current system of municipal waste management and to demonstrate its techno-economical demands. To solve these objectives, an analysis of the current state in Czech Republic was carried out and a calculation tool was created to evaluate the overall techno-economical balance of the management system at the regional level. The results of the tool showed that it is expensive for municipalities to carry out waste management activities and would not be feasible without complex subsidies. The reader gets a basic overview of the current waste management system in Czech Republic and acquires knowledge of its partial techno-economical costs.
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Energy recovery of waste
Vala, Michal ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Moskalík, Jiří (advisor)
The first part of this thesis sums up problems arising from waste production and compares different ways and technologies of waste treatment. Second part of this thesis focuses on one of these ways, on the incineration of waste with energy recovery. It discusses specifics and possibilities of this technology and describe current situation in the Czech Republic.
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Waste utilization
Čech, Roman ; Suzová, Jana (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
In this task we will talk over the problems in this current society from the aspect of waste production and treatment in European Union. We will classify the waste distribution to the categories, we will focus for the legislatives and the standards of waste management. Also we will preview the production statistics and waste logistic in the Czech Republic and EU. We will focus even for the waste processing like a material for the energy production and development of waste economy hypothesis.
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Effective use of industrial waste in building materials
Szép, Melinda Klaudia Virág ; Mészárosová, Lenka (referee) ; Černý, Vít (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with one of current topics, namely to effective use of industrial waste in building materials. The theoretical part of this work presents changes in legislation of the Czech Republic in field of waste management system, explains the most important terms and defines each method of waste management. The main goal of this work was to formulate a methodological procedure for efficient use of industrial waste. The methodological procedure was compiled on the basis of elaborated base set of possible variants of waste utilization in the construction sector and a set of corresponding criteria of standards and legislative criteria. A table of elementary criteria has also been compiled for the better orientation in corresponding standards. The proposed methodological procedure was demonstrated on specific example, in fact on slag from municipal waste incineration. The slag was examined in two environments – one with standard laboratory condition and the second with controlled condition (8 % concentration of carbon dioxide and 80 % of relative humidity) – for better understanding of its behaviour. The expected acceleration of the aging process in the environment with controlled condition was confirmed based on the degree of carbonation. The expected reduction of volume changes of the sample exposed to the controlled condition was also confirmed.
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Clinical waste, their collection, transport and disposal
Fribertová, Marcela ; Mašek, Ivan (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with our legislative standards and legal laws, which adjust dealing with clinical waste. It also describes how to prevent its occurance. There is handling and logistics of the clinical waste describes in this thesis too. The greatest part of this thesis deals with decontamination of clinical waste and it describes common decontamination processes and machines as well.
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Infectious waste management at regional level
Martinek, Karel ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Současná pandemická situace ukázala obrovské dopady rozšíření infekce na společnost, i přesto stále ještě chybí jednotný přístup k problematice infekčního odpadu. Cílem této práce je představení metodiky nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu v kontextu situace v Česku a Evropské Unii. V teoretické části práce je uveden legislativní rámec, charakter produkce, možnosti dekontaminace a podmínky spalování infekčního odpadu. Na základě těchto poznatků je navržena metodika pro nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu. V praktické části práce je pak metodika aplikována na konkrétní region – Královéhradecký kraj. V rámci metodiky jsou navrženy možné scénáře nakládání s infekčním odpadem a vybrány nejvhodnější z nich z pohledu zdravotních rizik, rozpočtové zátěže a dopadu na životní prostředí. Na závěr je metodika kriticky zhodnocena a srovnána s metodikami jiných studií na podobné téma.
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Effective use of industrial waste in building materials
Szép, Melinda Klaudia Virág ; Mészárosová, Lenka (referee) ; Černý, Vít (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with one of current topics, namely to effective use of industrial waste in building materials. The theoretical part of this work presents changes in legislation of the Czech Republic in field of waste management system, explains the most important terms and defines each method of waste management. The main goal of this work was to formulate a methodological procedure for efficient use of industrial waste. The methodological procedure was compiled on the basis of elaborated base set of possible variants of waste utilization in the construction sector and a set of corresponding criteria of standards and legislative criteria. A table of elementary criteria has also been compiled for the better orientation in corresponding standards. The proposed methodological procedure was demonstrated on specific example, in fact on slag from municipal waste incineration. The slag was examined in two environments – one with standard laboratory condition and the second with controlled condition (8 % concentration of carbon dioxide and 80 % of relative humidity) – for better understanding of its behaviour. The expected acceleration of the aging process in the environment with controlled condition was confirmed based on the degree of carbonation. The expected reduction of volume changes of the sample exposed to the controlled condition was also confirmed.
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Infectious waste management at regional level
Martinek, Karel ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Současná pandemická situace ukázala obrovské dopady rozšíření infekce na společnost, i přesto stále ještě chybí jednotný přístup k problematice infekčního odpadu. Cílem této práce je představení metodiky nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu v kontextu situace v Česku a Evropské Unii. V teoretické části práce je uveden legislativní rámec, charakter produkce, možnosti dekontaminace a podmínky spalování infekčního odpadu. Na základě těchto poznatků je navržena metodika pro nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu. V praktické části práce je pak metodika aplikována na konkrétní region – Královéhradecký kraj. V rámci metodiky jsou navrženy možné scénáře nakládání s infekčním odpadem a vybrány nejvhodnější z nich z pohledu zdravotních rizik, rozpočtové zátěže a dopadu na životní prostředí. Na závěr je metodika kriticky zhodnocena a srovnána s metodikami jiných studií na podobné téma.
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Výzkum možností rozšíření informovanosti obyvatel při nakládání s odpady ve městě Opavě
Džoganik, Lukáš
The diploma thesis “The possibilities expansion research of the population awareness regarding waste management in Opava” is focused on the issue of waste management in a designated area. The theoretical background, including the waste management area legislation, has been applied considering conditions in the given region. An essential part of the thesis is also an analysis of the current state of waste management in Opava. A questionnaire survey has been completed to determine the population awareness level in three age categories. In order to obtain sufficient relevant data, a communication has been initiated with Mr. Albert Červeň, Head of the Air Protection and Waste Management Department of the Municipality of Opava, as well as with Opava resident as a representative of the target group and also with a Šitbořice resident representing the example of “best practice”. Based on the current state of waste management and related research, an analysis of the data has been prepared, based on data received from city residents, including comments on numerical values. The resulting product is a procedures and arrangements proposal designed for improving residents’ awareness with the aim of improving municipal waste sorting efficiency, especially from households. The objective has been to look for procedures in different levels of economic intensity, but always with the maximum effect, or possibly separation of tactical and strategic measures.
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