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Trendy a faktory naděje dožití v České republice
Lukele, Aneta
The thesis deals with trends and factors of life expectancy in the Czech Republic in the period from 2016. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the importance of demographic factors on the evolution of life expectancy, including analysing the spatiotemporal evolution of infant mortality and the structure of mortality, at the national, regional and district levels. The paper also sheds light on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy values. The methods used are demographic analysis, statistical methods (time series analysis, regression and correlation analysis) and prediction of future trends, comparison and synthesis. Although life expectancy at birth has been increasing for a long time, the impact of the covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in life expectancy values for both sexes in all regions in selected years. The highest life expectancy at birth for both men and women is in the Capital City of Prague (77.1 years for men, 82.4 years for women), while the lowest values are in the Ústí and Karlovy Vary Region (72.7 years for men, 78.8 years for women). The infant mortality rate is also decreasing in almost all regions. The main factors affecting life expectancy are the level of education, economic activity and the related level of financial income, the state of health care, the environment, the political situation in the country, unexpected events, see covid-19 and many others. The prerequisite is a continuing increase in life expectancy at birth and a steady decline in infant mortality. Recommendations are proposed particularly in terms of the deepening ageing of the population with associated declines in fertility, and the relevance of the experience of old age to health.
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The specifics of Argentina in mortality from infectious and parazitic diseases in the context of Latin America
Šorelová, Michaela ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
The specifics of Argentina in mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in the context of Latin America Abstract This work deals with mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in Argentina at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. During this period, there was a high level of mortality from infectious diseases in Argentina, which is not common in countries where an epidemiological transition has already taken place. This thesis tries to theoretically explain the higher level of mortality from infectious diseases by describing the situation of infectious diseases in the Latin American region. It deals with the course of the demographic revolution and the epidemiological transition in the Latin American region, which had a significant impact on changes in mortality and describes the development of the incidence of specific infectious diseases in Argentina. The theoretical part is followed by an analytical explanation of mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases using the resulting indicators of mortality tables and decomposition methods used in the work. The main aim of this work was to find out what influenced the high and almost constant level of mortality from infectious diseases in Argentina at the turn of the century. The analysis was also made for selected Latin American...
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The Dynamics of World Population Ageing
Bošková, Mariana ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The dynamics of the world population ageing Abstract This thesis aims to evaluate the evolution of population ageing in the world. This subject is a current issue nowadays and will probably be in the future for many countries in the world. The evaluation of the population ageing is analysed through five indicators: old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, and median age. Even though attention is mostly paid to the years 1950, 2015 and 2050, the thesis contains the growth index of all the used indicators as well. It shows the development over this hundred-year time horizon. While the population ageing has taken place mostly in economically developed countries in the past, this trend will most likely continue to be most pronounced in the fastest developing countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Asia in the future, with faster dynamics. Key words: demographic ageing, world, old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, median age
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Mortality in countries of Eastern and Southern Europe: trends and patterns
Šplíchal, Matěj ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (referee)
Mortality in countries of Eastern and Southern Europe: trends and patterns Abstract The purpose of this thesis to is to evaluate any variances and commonality in the trends of mortality rates between southern and eastern Europe for the period beginning at the end of World War II (WWII) to present day. In order that the data used in the analysis of the populations of these two European regions is drawn from broad-based yet controlled demographic parameters, two countries from each region have been targeted. From southern Europe, Italy and Portugal, and from Eastern Europe Hungary and Bulgaria. The thesis will present both the analysis of data that relates to the development of the gross mortality rate together with that of more refined data that calculates the standardised mortality rate. A more in-depth analysis of mortality trends based on mortality tables and decomposition methods will also be presented using indicators of life expectancy at birth, infant mortality and life span, together with methods of decomposition of the difference between two demographic indicators (Kitagawy, R. Pressata, E. Arriagy and V. M. Shkolnikova). The conclusion of the analytical section deals with age variability at death. The hypotheses, set out in the introductory chapter, are evaluated at the end of the paper, based on...
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