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The role of nutrition and physical activity in breast cancer patients
Kafková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee)
Introduction: In most countries in the world, breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer diagnosed for women. A key factor that positively influences the prognosis of patients is physical activity, ideally supported by nutritional intervention. Adequate physical activity has a beneficial effect on increasing overall fitness and prolonging life of patients in the metastasis stage, especially in the subgroup of HER2+ patients. Furthermore, physical activity also improves the mental condition of patients. Aim: The aim of this research is to describe the effect of nutritional and physical exercise intervention for generalized breast cancer patients. The effectiveness of the interventions evaluated was based on the data from body composition measurements and the physical fitness test that was performed for the patients. Methodology: Data for this research was collected as a part of the ONKO-FIT program, which was created in co-operation with the Oncology Clinic of the General Teaching Hospital in Prague and the 1st Faculty of Medicine. The duration of this program was set for 3 months. The program was executed by 24 patients. Data was completely collected and evaluated for 13 of those patients. The patient's age range was from 39 to 57 years, with an average of 47 ± 6 years and the time since...
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Non-pharmacological treatment of breast cancer patients
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorková, Markéta (referee)
Introduction: According to epidemiological findings,breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. The typical age of Czech breast cancer patients should be 60-74 years, but it is estimated that up to 35 % of them are younger than 60 years. Rehabilitation, dietary interventions to prevent obesity and psychosocial care are an important part of follow-up care for these patients. The aim of this follow-up care is to improve mental and physical fitness, to facilitate the return to normal life, to prolong survival, to prevent recurrence and to treat various complications associated with both the aggressive treatment and the tumour itself. Aim: Description of changes in nutrition, physical activity and body weight in breast cancer patients who participated in the ONKOFIT - SPA programme. Methodologyand characteristics of the group: ONKOFIT - SPA is a programme that lasts for six months with the aim to determine the effect of the nutritional and physical intervention after this period. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in the program. It was necessary to include data for patients who have completed 3 months of the program. Currently, 38 patients have started the program. Patients who have not yet been in the program for 3 months number 11 and are continuing the...
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Diagnostic of immunohistochemistry in pathology
HRDINOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of neoplasms in pathology. Describes the use of antibody spectrum at the Department of Pathology, Český Krumlov Hospital, a.s. Immunohistochemical methods are nowadays an important method used in pathology for tumor typing and metastasis for the determination of primary tumors. They complement the standard staining methods for basic diagnostics such as Hematoxylin-Eosin and Van-Gieson, which are less specific, these methods mainly serve to differentiate the basic cellular components and tissue components of the preparation. Immunohistochemistry methods are based on the special antibody affinity principle and are divided into direct and indirect methods. For a direct method, an antibody labeled with, for example, an enzyme is used to detect the antigen and, upon binding, induces a color change observed under the microscope. Indirect method (two-stage, three-stage) is a more sensitive method, based on the principle of an unlabeled primary antibody to which a conjugated secondary antibody binds to an enzyme or biotin. In the three-stage, we use the affinity of avidin and biotin to form the avidin-biotin-enzyme complex (eg. peroxidase), which is shown and highlighted. In more detail, the thesis deals with the diagnosis of breast and sentinel lymph node tumors, both in the theoretical and practical part, and the incidence of these tumors since the introduction of the immunohistochemical method at the Department of Pathology of the Český Krumlov Hospital. Last but not least, a case report of individual interesting cases is described.
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Obesity and cancer
Maděřičová, Jarmila ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that is becoming a serious problem for world health. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in most countries continues to rise, not only in adults but especially in children and adolescents. The Obesity is also a demonstrable risk factor for at least fourteen cancers, including a female breast, colorectal, endometrial or pancreas tumour. The aim of the Bachelor thesis was to evaluate the diets of cancer patients who are overweight or obese. Assess the effect of nutritional intervention on body weight and menu composition. Specifically, I focused on the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids. The work is divided into two parts. The first part, theoretical, contains information on obesity, there are described possible mechanisms of tumour formation from adipose tissue, individual cancers related to obesity or the relationship of obesity to cancer recurrence. The second part, practical, describes research that consisted of a questionnaire survey of 40 patients and a menu calculation of 12 patients. The intake of total fats and saturated fatty acids was calculated 14 days prior to intervention and 14 days at the end of intervention. The research group included patients with breast cancer and BMI above 25 kg/m2 . Saturated fatty acids were most...
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Nutritional and movement intervention with breast cancer patients
Andrášková, Věra ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
Breast cancer the second most common cancers in women. A weight gain, higher amount of adipose tissue and lower physical activity are risk factors for breast cancer in terms of nutritional status. Recent studies document a negative effect of adipokines, adipose tissue hormones on the development and prognosis of cancer. Likewise, the positive effect of myokines, hormones of muscle tissue, has been increasingly discussed in recent years. Influencing the amount of adipose and muscle tissue in the body is possible through nutritional and physical intervention. A cooperation with a dietitian was offered to 81 patients in the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. The offer of nutritional and physical intervention was accepted by 25 patients and 19 patients completed 3 months of therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the development of weight in patients before and after the diagnosis of breast cancer, and futher to perform a nutritional intervention in the form of a 3 - month program using personal visits and online monitoring of diet and physical activity and to characterize the diet in patients with breast cancer after the intervention. From the obtained data it was not possible to perform an analysis of weight development in patients. The performed evaluation of eating habits based on a comparison...
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