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Roles of sperm morphology variation on proteomic content in muroid rodents
Drozdová, Tereza ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Postlerová, Pavla (referee)
We can find a whole range of morphological differences between the spermatozoa of different animal species, whether at the level of shape, size or intracellular arrangement. It has been proven that these differences are likely to be driven by selective pressure caused by sperm competition. This can cause morphological adaptations that give sperm a selective advantage and increase the individual's success in fertilization. The main goal of my diploma thesis was to determine whether individual morphological variability of spermatozoa is detectable at the proteome level and possibly to determine what changes at the proteome level occur in spermatozoa with changing morphology. Three species of rodents, Mus musculus, Apodemus flavicollis and Microtus arvalis, were selected for this study, and a thorough morphometric measurement of their sperm was performed. Because the greatest variation was detected in the dimensions of the apical hook, only acrosomal proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and then the proteins that distinguished the most sperm with long and short apical hooks were determined by discriminant analysis and machine learning methods. A significant trend among sperm-separating proteins with short and long apical hooks, regardless of species, has been identified for proteins involved...
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Hodnocení kvalitativních parametrů ejakulátů beranů
Valentová, Soňa
The aim of the thesis "Evaluation of qualitative parameters of rams ejaculates" was to compare techniques of ejaculate collection of rams of combined breed. The sampling technique for the artificial vagina was compared to that of the electro-ejaculator. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of ejaculates of rams were evaluated in the thesis. The parameters evaluated were: ejaculate volume, sperm movement, sperm initial aktivity, sperm concentration in ejaculate and sperm morphology. Samples were taken at four days. A total of 24 samples were obtained from 10 rams of the combined breed, of which 12 were sampled by artificial vagina sampling by stimulation with fixed sheep and 12 samples by electro-ejaculator. The electro-ejaculator collection technique was found to have lower sperm concentration (P≤0.01) and lower initial activity (P≤0.05) compared to the artificial vagina collection technique. The difference in ejaculate volume and sperm movement in the compared methods was not statistically demonstrated. No significant differences between sperm collection techniques in sperm abnormalities were observed or statistically demonstrated. The results of the diploma thesis showed that the better technique of ejaculate collection is taking on the artificial vagina, because it leads to higher initial activity of sperm (P≤0.05) and higher concentration of sperm (P≤0.01), which can be used mainly in the preparation of insemination doses.
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Postcopulatory sexual selection on phenotypic traits in European barn swallows
Míčková, Kristýna ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Sperm phenotype is an essential indicator of the male ejaculate quality and may have a significant impact on male reproductive success. Sperm phenotypes are considerably variable across species but variation is also found among males within species. This thesis examines (1) variation in sperm phenotypes among males in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), (2) changes in male ejaculate quality with age, (3) relationships between sperm morphology and motility, (4) effects of sperm phenotypes (morphology and motility) on male fertilization success, using a large dataset of 174 observation for 130 males, and (5) the influence of female reproductive environment on sperm motility. From the tested variables, only midpiece length correlated with male age. Older males had shorter midpiece but no relationship between male age and reproductive success was found. Sperm length negatively affected sperm motility and, simultaneosly, relative midpiece length posively correlated with sperm motility. No correlation was found between the male reproductive success and sperm motility, presence of abnormalities, length of outermost tail feathers or age. Males with shorter relative midpiece were more successful in within-pair paternity, and males with shorter sperms but longer relative midpiece were more successful in...
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Sperm phenotype and it's relationship to individual condition
Köstelová, Linda ; Svobodová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlína, Pavlína (referee)
Animals are known to have evolved many different characters in order to improve their chances during the sexual selection. These secondary sexual characters should correlate with given male´s quality of ejaculate, according to previous research. The literal part of this paper shows us, that the longer the sperm was, the faster, more viable and agile it was. There was a connection between the viability and the length of the middle part of the sperm, that holds the mitochondria. At the same time, sperms with longer tails were faster, as oppose to those with bigger heads, that were slower. This paper was meant to clarify the influence the sperm phenotype on male's ejaculate. For this paper, which focuses on Great tit, the sperm length was chosen as the character of quality. Not only the length of the whole sperm, but also the length of all of its parts were measured. Every one of these parts is associated with the movement and the viability of the sperm in its own way. We tested whether the length of the sperm correlates with characters of the condition or not. The characters we had chosen for this were the length of melanine ornament, the weight of the male, the length of tars and number of leukocytes in blood. The results show that the length of the sperm head correlates with the length of melanine ornament of Great tit. We did not find any other connection among the other secondary sexual characters we had chosen.
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Vliv stájového mikroklimatu na vybrané kvalitativní a kvantitativní parametry ejakulátů plemenných býků
Škarecká, Radka
The aim of this diploma thesis The effect of stable microclimate on qualitative and quantitative parameters of ejaculates of breeding bulls, where the effect of stable envi-ronment and age on the volume, concentration, activity and changes in morphology of sperm in ejaculates of bulls was evaluated. In the period from 1st March to 31st August 2014, there were done 154 collections of semen from nine bulls of Czech Pied cattle lairaged at the insemination center of bulls operated by a breeder's cooperative Impuls in Bohdalec. Immediately after the collections macroscopic and microscopic examinations have been performed for all samples, which included determining the volume, con-centration and activity of sperm. After evaluation of morphological parameters of bovi-ne sperm the percentage of morphologically normal sperm and pathomorphological da-maged sperm were evaluated. There were observed changes on the head, acrosome, connecting part and flagellum. Our results show that the biggest effect on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of semen for breeding bulls has age, the temperature along with moisture, where the greatest differences in results were found for the extreme va-lues. A value of temperature - humidity index (THI) has negligable effect, where there were the smallest differences in the obtained samples.
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Hodnocení kvality ejakulátu beranů vybraných plemen
Wernerová, Karolína
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the issues of ejaculate evaluation and analyse the quality of ejaculates via macroscopic and microscopic methods. From 1st January to 31st March 2015, 69 ejaculates were collected from 7 rams of the dual-purpose Zwartbles breed owned by Ing. Martin Hoška, PhD, 4 rams of the Suffolk breed and 1 ram of the Charollais breed from the School Agricultural Facility Žabčice of Mendel University in Brno. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed immediately after sample collection, including the detection of the ejaculate volume as well as the sperm activity and concentration. For the evaluation of morphological parameters of the ram ejaculates, morphological smears were performed, which were transported to a laboratory of the Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno. Mainly changes in the sperm head, acrosome, midpiece and tail (torsion, DAG effect) were monitored. Further, the presence of immature and degenerated sperm was also monitored. The results show that the quality of ejaculate is influenced by the age of the rams and particularly by the frequency of the sampling and the size of the testicles whereas the difference between the breeds of distinct purpose was not significant.
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Frekvence výskytu morfologických změn spermií hřebců v Zemském hřebčinci Tlumačov s.p.
Jakubčíková, Simona
Morphological evaluation of sperm has a long history and is an essential element analysis of semen, which provides breeders invaluable information to assess the health status of animal and its potential fertility. An important role is played by the percentage of healthy sperm due to abnormally developed. This value plays an important role in the usability of quality in breeding stallions. Stallion sperm intended for artificial insemination breeding mares in native form may not contain more than 40 % of defective sperm and the total amount of their activity should not be below 60 %. In the case of benefits intended for deep freezing is allowed only 20 % pathological forms of sperm. Activity selected for cryopreservation of semen should not fall below 80 %. The topic of the thesis was to determine the frequency of morphologic sperm defects in a group of stallions stud farm Tlumačov s.p., included in breeding season for 2013. Sperm morphology examination was performed on 72 samples of ejaculates collected from 12 stallions during the breeding season from May to August. For each stallion sperm activity was recorded of subjective method, immediately after collection, and the correlation was observed with respect to morphological abnormalities of the same sample. To investigate the morphological structure of sperm abnormalities were stained with two methods of cytological stain -- staining of B.T.Farelly and staining of Čeřovský. After staining the preparations were evaluated under a light microscope. Identified defects were divided into 6 categories - defects in the head, acrosome defects, defects of the neck, tail defects, abnormal forms of sperm and immature sperm. We studied a number of normospermia and total sperm pathology also expressed as a percentage. Another part of the analysis was a theoretical comparison of both the staining techniques with respect to suitability for the examination of morphological sperm abnormalities in stallions.
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