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Laboratory Diagnostics of Multiple Myeloma
ČERNÝ, Jakub
The bachelor thesis on the topic Laboratory diagnostics of multiple myeloma is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I introduce the hematooncological disease multiple myeloma, its laboratory diagnostics, which include biochemical, hematological, immunological, genetic and histological tests. In addition, I also present other diagnostic methods - skeletal imaging (X-ray, CT, PET/CT). I also present other pathologies that are closely related to the problem and are associated with monoclonal gammopathy. At the end of the theoretical part I briefly inform about the treatment options for this disease. For the bachelor thesis 4 objectives were set. The first aim was to summarize the laboratory testing methods currently used to diagnose MM. The second aim was to map the diagnostic procedure for the first detection of MM using a specific patient as an example. The third aim was to highlight the variability of initial findings and disease course in the form of case reports. The fourth and final aim was to use data obtained from the Institute's own department (laboratory + haematology outpatient clinic) to answer several research questions. To achieve the results of the research investigation, quantitative research methods were used by retrospective analysis of available laboratory data from LIS. Qualitative research technique of data analysis was used to write individual case reports and complete patient diagnosis. In the discussion and in the conclusion of the bachelor thesis, the results of the research questions and the evaluation of the fulfilment of the stated objectives of the thesis are summarised. Finally, the expected contribution of the bachelor thesis in current laboratory and clinical diagnosis of the disease is mentioned.
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Monoclonal gammopathies from point of view of the biochemist
Drábková, Gabriela ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Gabriela Drábková Monoclonal gammopathy from the point of view of a biochemist Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Healthcare bioanalytics- Specialist in laboratory methods Monoclonal gammopathy are a very heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of one clone of differentiated B lymphocytes producing homogeneous immunoglobulin, the so-called monoclonal immunoglobulin. This monoclonal immunoglobulin can be detected in serum and / or urine. Monoclonal gammopathy can also be defined as a group of diseases that result from mutation in a B-cell line. The monoclonal immunoglobulin may consist of both the intact immunoglobulin molecule or the structural components, i.e., the kappa or lambda light chains, more rarely from the heavy chains of the immunoglobulin molecule. The basic investigation methods of monoclonal immunoglobulin detection include serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis. Another important method in diagnosis and monitoring is the determination of free light chains. Multiple myeloma is an example of a tumor in which the prognosis has improved so much in recent years that today we can talk about a chronic illness. Median survival is currently around six years, and some patients get into...
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Hyperviscosity Syndrome in Patiens with Monoclonal Gammopathy.
Vaňková, Radka ; Fátorová, Ilona (advisor) ; Vrbacký, Filip (referee)
The thesis deals with the assessment of correlations between selected laboratory parameters used in the diagnosis hyperviscosity syndrome and the determination of monoclonal immunoglobulin. By means of specific examples is graphically illustrated the effect of therapeutic plasmapheresis on laboratory parameters and the clinical condition of the patient. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part are summarized the findings of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic methods of hyperviscosity syndrome. Further the history of monoclonal gammopathies is stated with splitting in two basic groups. Within the group of malignant monoclonal gammopathies are described in detail two diseases that are closely related to hyperviscosity syndrome. The first is Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and the second is multiple myeloma. In both diseases is shown their prevalence, definition, etiology, pathophysiology, laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. Further are briefly described methods used for determination of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The practical part describes the laboratory tests, which were obtained laboratory data of the reference group of patients. Laboratory data were processed by regression in Microsoft Office Excel 2007. A statistically...
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Complete differential diagnostics of monoklonal gammopathy
MERVARTOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of the thesisis a quantitative detection of the monoclonal paraprotein in patients serum, eventually a qualitative detection in urine in group of hematological pacients examined at the Department of clinical biochemistry in Hospital Písek a.s. with electrophoretic analytical method (ELFO) and its subsequent specification by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). The quantification of free light chains (VLR), kappa and lambda, from the serum is made on some patients for more complex information, and it is made by immunoanalytic method. Futhermore immunoglobulins as well as values of albumin and values of total protein are quantitatively established in the serum, and these values can contribute to more precise diagnosis in case of finding of monoclonal components. From the stated hypothesis I conclude, that the patients with pathological values VLR and their ratios, which lead to diagnosis of the monoclonal gammopathy, will also have positive finding of monoclonal immunoglobulin on ELFO. The finding will be afterwards specified by IFE method and so the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy will be confirmed.
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Monoklonální gamapatie
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Monika
The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with proliferation of clonal plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulin proteins. Assessing serum levels of monoclonal proteins is an essential component of detecting and monitoring plasma cell proliferative disorders. The first part of this thesis provides a general overview that covers diagnosis and clinical features of some of the monoclonal gammopathies, particularly multiple myeloma. The second part was focused on investigating the utility of serum free light chains measurement in following the disease course in myeloma patients where monoclonal intact immunoglobulin was also present.
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